Vocab & more
what is all the chemical reaction within each cell of an organism
Metabolism
when the enzyme is attached to the substrate, the unit is called
enzyme-substrate complex
absorbs energy (in the form of light or heat) ex. photosynthesis
Endothermic
Nitrigen Base, sugar ring, 3 phosphate groups held together with energy bonds
ATP structure
When an enzyme's active site gets deformed and loses it shape it is said to be this
denatured
what is an energy-carrying molecule that carries/stores energy for cell functions
ATP/ Adenosine Triphosphate
these reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones
anabolic
mostly protiens that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
Enzyme
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
When the enzyme grabs on to the substrate it is said to have this
induced fit (lock and key)
When ATP loses a phosphate, energy is _______ for ________.
released
cell processes
speed up reactions (like enzymes)
Catalysts
substances that are made by a chemical reaction
Products
this becomes ATP when a phosphate group is added
ADP
endothermic - it takes a lot of energy to attach the 3rd phosphate!
Where is most of the energy of an ATP molecule stored?
Between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates.
the amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction start
activation energy
releases energy(in the form of heat or light) ex. Cellular respiration
Exothermic
movement of ions down a concentration gradient
Chemiosmosis
Which macromolecule gives us long-term energy?
Lipids
What are 5 ways discussed in class that will change the rate of a chemical reaction? 1)State the way to change the rate 2)Tell whether it will speed up or slow down the reaction
Temperature - increasing temp. / increases the rate
pH - because enzymes typically work at specific pH, it can affect the rate
Substrate concentration - increase the concentration / increases the rate
Catalyst - increase the rate
Competitive Inhibitor - slows down the rate
molecules work together to help the enzyme to be moved effectively
coenzyme
substances that are changed during chemical reaction
Reactants
Which macromolecule can get 36 ATP from 1 glucose molecule
store 4 cal/g of energy
Carbohydrates
What is the name of the enzyme that is used to add the 3rd phosphate to ADP to make ATP, using energy from the food you eat?
ATP synthase