Energy and Cells
How is energy released from ATP?
Energy is released when water is added and a bond is broken in a process called hydrolysis.
Identify the organisms that perform photosynthesis
Plants, algae and some bacteria.
Identify the organisms that undergo cellular respiration.
All organisms undergo cellular respiration, including bacteria, fungi (such as mushrooms), plants, and animals.
What is the source of energy to produce ATP during cellular respiration?
Glucose provides the energy to make ATP.
What role do stomata play in photosynthesis. Be specific.
What reaction occurs when glucose joins together to form glycogen in the liver?
What is removed to form bonds in a process called dehydration synthesis.
Where does the energy to produce glucose during photosynthesis comes from?
Sunlight
Where do heterotrophs get the energy to produce ATP?
What molecule provides the energy for muscles to contract, cilia and flagella to beat, or ions to be pumped across the membrane?
ATP
What process occurs when water evaporate from a leaf?
Transpiration
Name the green pigment found in plants.
What is chlorophyll?
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplasts
Where does cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
Describe how plants and animals store energy. Make sure to give examples of molecules that store energy in each organism.
Carbs - short-term energy
Lipids - long-term energy (triglycerides)
Plants - starch
Animals - glycogen
Mitochondria break down glucose and use the energy stored in glucose to make ATP that can be used by cells to do cellular work.
What monosacchardie is broken down to make ATP?
Glucose
State the balanced chemical reaction for photosynthesis,
6CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
State the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What process occurs when the body runs out of oxygen and can't do cellular respiration.
Organisms undergo fermentation or anaerobic respiration when oxygen is NOT present. Anaerobic respiration only produces small amounts of ATP and can only occur for a short time before O2 is needed to generate the ATP needed to survive.
Autotrophs undergo both photosynthesis and cellular respiration so have both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Autotrophs make glucose in the choloroplast and then break the glucose down in the mitochondria to produce ATP.
Heterotrophs must eat other organisms to obtain macoromolecules such as carbs, lipids, and proteins that can be broken down in the mitochondria to produce ATP.
How is light energy absorbed by autotrophs?
Autotrophs have chloroplasts that contain the pigment chlorophyll that can absorb light energy that can then be used to make glucose.
Identify two factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis and describe what each graph would look like.
Concentration and CO2 and light intensity have a graph that shows an increase in the rate of PS and then the rate levels off.
Temperature also affects the rate of photosynthesis. The rate of PS increases until an optimum temperature is reached and then the rate of the reaction decreases until the reaction NO longer occurs because the enzymes have become denatured and no longer work.
Name the organ that helps to deliver materials to your cells that are needed for respiration.
What is the heart?
Describe what happens to ATP when it is broken apart.
Water is added to break a bond and ATP breaks into ADP and phosphate and energy is released.
What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration does NOT require oxygen and only produces small amounts of ATP while cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondrion requires oxygen and produces large amounts of ATP.