Lesson 1: Energy in Earth's Atmosphere
The total energy of all the particles of a substance
thermal energy
the horizontal movement of air from a high pressure area to a low pressure area
wind
a large stream of flowing water that moves through the oceans
current
The Coriolis Effect, Global convection currents, and other factors combine to produce a pattern of calm areas and __________ _________ patterns.
Global Wind
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
radiation
When gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat near Earth’s surface.
greenhouse effect
the flow of cooler air from over water toward land
sea breeze
These currents are caused by differences in density of ocean water.
Deep Ocean Currents
Snow, ice, and clouds all do this to the sun's radiation
an abnormal climate event that occurs every two to seven years in the Pacific Ocean, causing changes in winds, currents, and weather patterns for one to two years
El Nino
The transfer of energy from one particle to another that are in direct contact.
conduction
the flow of air from land to water
land breeze
Both deep ocean currents and surface currents are affected by warm water that moves _____ from the equator and cold water that moves ______ the equator away from the poles.
away, towards
As ocean currents are moved by winds, they are stopped and redirected by this..
Continental Deflection
a climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal
La Nina
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid.
convection
the effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents
Coriolis effect
This causes the currents to curve right in the Northern Hemisphere, while in the Southern Hemisphere it causes them to curve to the left.
The Coriolis Effect
waves found between Infrared (IR) and Ultraviolet (UV) on the electromagnetic spectrum
visible light
They carry cold water from the poles towards the equator and move and mix water around the world.
Deep Ocean Currents
The sun’s energy travels to Earth as electromagnetic radiation, a form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space. _______ _____ consist of an electric field and a magnetic field.
electromagnetic waves
band of high speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface
jet stream
The three factors affecting Surface Currents are..
Global Wind Belts
Unequal Heating of the Earth
The rotation of the Earth
How do currents affect the Climate?
(temperature and precipitation)
Warm water brings warm temperatures and wet weather (warm air hold more moisture)
Cold water brings cool temperatures and dry weather (cold air holds less moisture)
The interconnected ocean basins that circulates water and transfers heat around the Earth from the equator to the poles and back again through Surface and Deep Ocean Currents.
The Global Ocean Conveyor