Introduction to Matter
What is matter?
anything that has mass and takes up space
What happens to particles in a solid when it is heated and becomes a liquid?
Particles gain energy and move more freely
What is the primary difference between kinetic and potential energy?
kinetic = motion; potential = stored
From the document: Which is an example of potential energy — a ball rolling down a hill, a ball sitting at the top of a cliff, or a person running?
Ball sitting at the top of a cliff
Which physical property describes how much matter is in an object?
Mass
Which state of matter has particles tightly packed in a regular pattern?
Solid
Give an example of potential energy from the exam text.
a book on a high shelf (potential energy)
What energy transformation occurs when you turn on a flashlight? (Choose the correct pair from the exam)
Chemical energy to light energy (battery → flashlight
When water changes from a liquid to a gas, what is that process called?
Evaporation
During which phase change is thermal energy absorbed: condensation, freezing, melting, or deposition?
Melting
If an object's speed doubles, how does its kinetic energy change?
kinetic energy quadruples
Which of these is an example of work being done: pushing a box across the floor, a book sitting on a table, or holding a heavy bag in place?
Pushing a box across the floor
Which of the following is a chemical property: melting point, density, flammability, or color?
flammability
What happens to the volume of water when it freezes?
it increases
What type of energy is primarily associated with the motion of particles in a substance?
thermal energy = motion of particles
Roller coaster diagram question: At what point does the car have the greatest potential energy and at what point the greatest kinetic energy?
At the highest point: greatest potential; at the lowest point: greatest kinetic
Which state of matter's particles have the MOST freedom of movement?
gas
According to the kinetic molecular theory, what is true about gas particles?
gas particles are in constant random motion
Nuclear energy is released through what process?
fission or fusion of atomic nuclei
What are the three factors that determine an object’s mechanical energy?
mass, speed, and height