Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Digestion & Enzymes
Carbon Cycle
Models / Molecules
100
This is the molecule that your cells use when they need energy for any activity (growth, movement, reproduction, etc.)
What is ATP
100
Name the two products of photosynthesis. Which one does the plant release as a byproduct (waste)?
Glucose and Oxygen. Oxygen is a byproduct.
100
Identify the substrate for the enzyme amylase (hint: you did a whole lab about this.)
What is starch
100
What are the carbon-rich materials called that are formed by dead plant and animals being buried and exposed to intense heat and pressure? (Hint: examples are coal, natural gas, and oil)
What are fossil fuels
100
When you worked with gummy bears to create models of molecules, what did the gummy bears represent
Atoms (matter)
200
This is the first stage of cellular respiration, which occurs in the cytoplasm. All organisms, even anaerobic organisms, can do this first stage.
What is glycolysis
200
Name the organelle that does photosynthesis. It has a double membrane and contains the green pigment chlorophyll.
What is chloroplast
200
What does the term "optimal" mean when referring to an enzyme and the environment it functions in?
Optimal is "best." Optimal pH is the best pH for an enzyme, where it is most effective. Optimal temperature is the best (if you go colder or hotter, it won't work as well).
200
True or false: Plants do cellular respiration and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
True. (But they absorb more CO2 than they release by doing photosynthesis)
200
When you worked with gummy bears to create models of molecules, what did the toothpicks represent?
Energy stored in chemical bonds between atoms
300
Organisms who do anaerobic cellular respiration produce different products from organisms who do aerobic CR. What can they make instead of water?
What is alcohol or lactic acid
300
Stomata are the microscopic pores on plant leaves that allow carbon dioxide to be absorbed by the plant. What happens if these stomata are closed?
Photosynthesis will stop or the rate of photosynthesis will decrease.
300
A digestive enzyme in your stomach works best at pH 2, but a different enzyme in your saliva works best at pH 7. Why can't they both work well at the same pH?
The environments of your mouth and stomach are very different. Your stomach contains acid, which makes the pH much lower, so the enzyme needs to be able to tolerate that condition. Your mouth is close to a neutral pH, so the enzyme must be able to work there.
300
The ocean is often described as a carbon "sink." How does carbon get into the ocean?
A lot of CO2 from the atmosphere simply dissolves into ocean water. Also, organisms that live in the ocean release CO2 by cellular respiration.
300
Some of your model molecules had two toothpicks between two gummy bears. What did this represent?
It was a double bond.
400
What is the name of the organelle where the Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain (stages 2 and 3 of cellular respiration) occur? (Hint: Oxygen is required)
What is mitochondria
400
How are the chemical equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration and vice versa.
400
There is a common pattern in the names of enzymes. Many of them end in the same 3 letters. What are these 3 letters?
-ASE (examples: amylase, protease, lipase, lactase, sucrase, etc.)
400
How does carbon move through a food chain. Describe how carbon gets into a plant, moves from a plant to an animal, and then from a small animal into a bigger animal.
The plant absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere in photosynthesis. Then a small animal eats the plant, taking its carbon (sugar). Then the bigger animal eats the smaller animal, taking its carbon.
400
Which type of bond is more stable (requires more energy to break): a single bond or a double bond?
A double bond
500
Why do some cells, such as muscle cells or sperm cells, have many more mitochondria than other cells?
They need to produce more ATP because they have greater energy needs (they move a lot)
500
How did photosynthesis affect the evolution of other organisms on Earth?
Photosynthetic organisms changed the composition of the atmosphere. They added much more oxygen, which allowed other organisms to begin to do AEROBIC cellular respiration, releasing more energy per glucose molecule than anaerobic CR.
500
How do enzymes help chemical reactions happen?
They increase the speed/rate of chemical reactions
500
There are 2 ways that deforestation (cutting down trees and burning them) negatively affects the carbon cycle. Identify both.
1. When trees are removed, they can no longer do photosynthesis and remove CO2 from the atmosphere. 2. When trees are burned, more CO2 is added to the atmosphere
500
The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What molecules had to be broken and rearranged to provide the carbon and hydrogen in glucose?
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major source of carbon. Water (H2O) is the major source of hydrogen. Some oxygen (6 atoms) goes into the molecule as well, but much of it is released as a byproduct.
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