Thermal 1
What's the difference between heat and temperature?
Heat is a form of energy, and temperature is how hot or cold something is.
What happens to the molecules that make up a chocolate chip as it is heated in the oven?
As thermal energy is transferred to the chocolate, its molecules vibrate faster and faster. They vibrate fast enough that they start to slide past each other and move around. As this happens, the chocolate changes from a solid to a liquid.
The motion of atoms or molecules within a substance.
Thermal energy
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic energy is motion released and potential energy is stored.
What are some examples of energy being converted or transformed?
motion to sound; motion to heat; electrical to light; electrical to heat;
Matter in which atoms are closely spaced and vibrate in a fixed position.
Solid
the power or ability to do work, make things move, or cause a change. Energy makes stuff happen;
Energy
Energy stored in an object based on its position.
Potential Energy
What causes something to heat up or cool down?
Adding energy to a substance heats it up and removing energy from a substance cools it down.
How can you keep a cold drink cold without ice or a refrigerator?
Minimize the amount of thermal energy that moves into the drink from the warmer air around it. Putting it in an insulated tumbler is one way to do this.
The average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules within a substance.
Temperature
Explain how energy is transformed in a roller coaster.
As a cart goes upward it’s storing potential energy and when it reaches the top it hits its peak.. As it descends kinetic energy is released and it is pulled down by gravity.
What are some examples of energy being transferred?
something wasn’t moving, then it moved; something dropped; heat; light; sound
the process when matter loses thermal energy and changes from a gas to a liquid.
Condensation
Pattern of data that shows greater increase with passing time.
Exponential growth
Process where energy is moved from one place to another.
Energy Transfer
What causes water to freeze and melt?
Water freezes when it gets cold—that is, when energy is removed from it. Ice melts when it gets warm, or when energy is added to it.
How does an instant hand warmer make your hands feel warm?
A chemical reaction inside the hand warmer releases thermal energy. This thermal energy moves from the hand warmer into your hands.
A process that creates new substances from existing substances and can absorb or release thermal energy.
Chemical reaction
What causes an object to fall to the ground? Give an example to explain.
Gravity causes objects to fall to the ground.
What two things determine the amount of kinetic energy an object has?
Mass and speed.
The transfer of thermal energy from a hotter area to a colder area.
Heat
Energy of motion.
Kinetic Energy
Force of attraction between any two masses.
Gravity
Why do hot objects have high temperatures?
As thermal energy is added to an object, the object’s molecules move faster. When the molecules move faster, they have more kinetic energy. So the temperature increases.
Explain how molecules vibrate in a solid, liquid, and gas.
solid- tight atoms bumping into each other
liquid- atoms slide away and around each other
gas- bounce all over with no direction
Water in gas form.
Water vapor
How would you define energy?
the power or ability to do work, make things move, or cause a change
Explain how energy is transformed in a spring.
Potential energy is increased the more the spring is compressed. Once a person lets go of the spring, the potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy when the spring moves.
Matter in which atoms are constantly moving around and bumping into each other.
Liquid
(In mathematics) having a constant ratio to another quantity.
Proportional
Process where there is a change in energy from one form to another.
Energy Conversion
How do we measure temperature?
Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that make up an object.
Who discovered gravity?
Sir Isaac Newton
Energy of motion.
Kinetic energy
Where does energy come from?
light, heat, sound, movement, position
Explain how you could increase the potential energy of an object.
You could move the object to greater height or distance or you could increase an object’s mass.
Matter in which atoms vibrate so much that they are far apart.
Gas
½ m X v2 (½ the mass times the velocity squared) which shows that the kinetic energy of an object is proportional to the mass and velocity of the object.
Kinetic Energy formula
What does E=MC2 mean?
E =energy
M=mass
C2= speed of light (squared)