Energy Basics
What is the definition of energy?
The ability to do physical work
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What does the ATP-PC system rely on?
Phosphocreatine (PC).
What does aerobic metabolism require?
Oxygen
What is oxygen deficit?
The difference between oxygen required and oxygen consumed at exercise start.
Name two forms of energy seen in daily life.
Electrical (light), heat (fire), chemical (gasoline), mechanical (muscle contraction).
How many phosphate molecules are in ATP?
Three
How long can the ATP-PC system sustain activity?
About 10-15 seconds
Which organ systems deliver oxygen to muscles?
Circulatory and respiratory systems.
What is EPOC?
Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (oxygen debt repayment).
What is homeostasis
A state of balance where body functions occur easily and energy supply meets demand.
Which system produces ATP without oxygen?
Anaerobic Metabolism
What is the main by-product of glycolysis when oxygen is insufficient?
Lactic Acid
What is the term for the point where oxygen supply meets demand during exercise?
Steady state
What is alactacid oxygen debt?
Initial 2–3 minutes post-exercise restoring ATP and CP
What is metabolism
All chemical reactions within cells, including breaking down and building molecules.
How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
36-38 ATP
How long can glycolysis sustain high-intensity activity?
About 3 minutes max
How many liters of air are needed to provide 1 liter of oxygen at rest?
~25L
What is lactacid oxygen debt?
Slower phase restoring glycogen and removing lactic acid.
What chemical compound stores energy for muscular contraction?
ATP
Name the three sub-pathways of cellular respiration
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
What happens when lactic acid builds up in muscles?
Muscle fatigue and pain; restricts glucose breakdown --> muscle fails
Name two adaptations from aerobic training
Increased stroke volume, decreased resting heart rate, increased lung capacity.
How long can complete glycogen restoration take after exhausting exercise?
~ up to 46 hours