What's the difference?
Prescriptive v. Descriptive
Prescriptive study of language imposes "correct" rules from outside the language. Descriptive study of language creates rules from observing patterns among actual language users.
Idiom
Lots of right answers!
One could be "It's raining cats and dogs!"
What is a dipthong?
Two vowels sounds in a row due to a vowel being followed by a glide.
What is the free morpheme in unrest?
rest
What is a transformation?
The movement or addition of constituents for emphatic purposes, rather than changing the meaning or syntactical relationships in a sentence.
Diachronic v. Synchronic
The diachronic study of language is across time. The synchronic study of language is at one specific time.
Blending
Lots of right answers!
One could be "brunch."
Which consonant is an alveolar voiced stop? [d], [t], [b]
[d]
Break the following word into morphemes, underestimated.
under-estimate-ed
What are two types of joining and how are they different?
Coordination-joining two or more equal grammatical structures with a coordinating conjunction, such as two independent clauses
Subordination-joining one independent clauses to one or more dependent clauses with a subordinating conjunction.
Active v. Passive Voice
Clipping
Lots of right answers!
One could be "gas" from gasoline.
Which consonant is an interdental voiceless fricative? [ð], [ፀ], [s]
[ፀ]
Break the following word into morphemes, ungodly.
un-god-ly
What is the transformation and deep structure? The actor was excited by her new role in the film.
Passive Voice-Her new role in the film excited the actor.
Derivational v. Inflectional morphemes
Derivational morphemes are bound morphemes that change the meaning or part of speech of the root. Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes required by syntax (such as tense markers).
Backformation
Lots of right answers!
One could be "workaholic."
What word is transcribed as [hip]?
heap
Break the following word into morphemes, murderers.
murder-er-s
What is the transformation and deep structure? Jim put the trash out to the curb last night.
Particle Hopping
Jim put out the trash to the curb last night.
Phoneme v. Morpheme
A phoneme is the smallest unit of language-a sound. A morpheme is the smallest unit of language with a distinct meaning.
Calque
Flea market from French marche aux pus.
Transcribe plush.
[plΛ∫]
Break the following word into morphemes, pretending.
pretend-ing
What is the transformation and deep structure? The teacher gave her students a lecture on Hamlet after Spring Break.
Dative Movement
The teacher gave a lecture on Hamlet to her students after Spring Break.