Cylinder heads & stuff
A cylinder head with no exhaust manifolds on the outside of the cylinder head; instead, short exhaust runs are fed directly to the turbocharger located in the V between the cylinder banks.
Reverse Flow
An engine that has the camshaft located in the cylinder head.
Over head Camshaft
A measure of the maximum pressure of engine cylinders when cranking.
Compression Testing
A method that requires a bolt to receive an initial preload using a torque wrench; afterward, the bolt is turned several additional degrees, flats, or turns.
Torque-turn bolt or Torque plus angle
A block design that has holes cast and bored in the block for the cylinders with the pistons inserted directly into these holes; also known as a no-sleeve block.
Parent bore block
A piston design that has a portion of the skirt removed on both non-thrust sides of the piston to provide clearance for the crankshaft counterweights.
Slipper skirt piston
An engine that has only the valves, rocker levers, and bridges located in the cylinder heads above the piston; the camshaft is located in the engine block. The cam may be a low or high mounted type. Also called a pushrod engine.
In block camshaft
An elliptically shaped piston that expands to a round, symmetrical shape after it is warmed up.
cam ground piston
Balance achieved when the movement of one piston counterbalances the movement of another, result in smoother running engines.
Secondary balance
A block designed with a number of large holes into which the cylinder sleeves are inserted; coolant has direct contact with the outside of the sleeve and there is no supporting cylinder bore structure.
Wet sleeve block
The component that maintains the seal around the combustion chamber at peak operating temperatures and pressures and keeps air, coolants, and engine oil in their respective passages over all temperatures and pressures.
Cylinder Head Gasket
The operation of an engine after it is initially assembled or rebuilt when piston ring, cylinder wall, bushing, and bearing surfaces have high initial wear as the moving surfaces conform to each other.
Engine break-in period
A head design that features intake and exhaust manifolds on the same side of the engine and short, large ports that are joined together to provide a more compact engine design with adequate airflow to the cylinders; also known as the uniflow design.
Parallel Flow Head
A circular machining applied to the surface between the journal and the crankshaft cheek that strengthens the crankshaft and minimizes the possibility of a fracture.
Fillet radius
Balance achieved when the crankshaft counterweights offset the weight of the piston and connecting rod assembly.
Primary balance
A method of sealing the cylinder head to the engine block using multiple thin layers of cold-rolled, spring-grade stainless steel coated with elastomeric (rubber) material.
(MLS) Multi Layer Head Gasket
The area above the top compression ring between the piston crown and the cylinder wall.
Crevice volume
Piston side thrust caused by compression pressure and the angle of the connecting rod.
Minor side thrust
Piston side thrust caused by cylinder pressure and the angle of the connecting rod during power.
Major side thrust
A vibration that sends pressure waves moving back and forth along the crankshaft.
Harmonic vibration
A head design with the intake and exhaust manifolds located on opposite sides of an inline engine to improve engine breathing characteristics.
Cross Flow Cylinder Head
A technique used to form a mating surface between a connecting rod and cap. The mating surfaces are not machined but are produced by fracturing the big end of the rod along a line scribed into the rod.
Split fracture connecting rod
The process of hardening a metal's surface by heating the metal and slowly cooling or quenching the metal surface with cyanide salts.
Nitriding
A technique that uses small steel balls to blast metal surfaces in order to close up any small cracks or pores, which have the potential to become larger.
Shot-peened
A heat treatment process that involves passing alternating electric current through coils of heavy-gauge wire surrounding the material to be hardened; through magnetic induction, heat is produced in the metal, which is then quenched with water to produce a hard, wear-resistant metal surface.
Induction hardening