Colonial Regions
Which colonial region was known for large plantations, dependence on slavery, and production of cash crops?
southern
What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World?
Jamestown
What plantation crop types led to wealth in South Carolina and required large labor forces?
Rice and indigo
What was the name of the transatlantic voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas?
The Middle Passage
A group or class of people seen as having the greatest power and influence within a society, often due to wealth
Elite
Which colonial region was inhabited largely for religious reasons, relied on lumber and shipbuilding, and had subsistence farms?
New England
Which document, written by Mayflower passengers, established "just and equal laws for the general good of the colony"?
Mayflower Compact
Which labor system replaced most indentured servitude on southern plantations and created a permanent labor force?
slavery of Africans
On a triangular trade map, what general route did ships take during the Middle Passage? (From which region to which region?)
From Africa to the Caribbean and North America
A district often centered around a church, or like a county, that can be used as a unit of local government
Parish
Which colonial region had the greatest diversity of people and religions, good harbors, fertile fields, and was called the "bread" colonies?
Middle Colonies
What early Virginia institution (established in 1619) served as the first representative legislative assembly in British North America?
House of Burgesses
Why did rice cultivation in South Carolina increase demand for enslaved labor?
Rice required the skilled labor and year round intensive work in wet fields, increasing demand for enslaved labor experienced with rice cultivation.
Name one way New England participated in the Triangular Trade besides directly carrying enslaved people to plantations.
Built and supplied ships, traded goods (rum, timber, fish) for enslaved people, and invested in trade networks
A document granting permission to create a colony (or company) and defining its rights and privileges
Charter
Known for shipbuilding, town meetings, and Puritan influence.
New England
What was the Virginia Charter (1606)?
A charter granted by King James giving rights to colonists to settle and govern Virginia
Identify two examples of jobs or roles that enslaved people performed in New England (not on large plantations).
Worked on docks, in shipyards, as craftsmen, and on small farms.
The Middle Passage brought millions of Africans to the Americas. Describe one human consequence of that journey in one sentence.
Many enslaved people died from disease, overcrowding, and abuse during the voyage
Farming that produces enough food to meet one’s needs without any surplus for sale
Subsistence farming
Explain one geographic reason why the Middle Colonies were more religiously and ethnically diverse than New England or the South
Middle colonies had fertile soil and large ports that encouraged farming and trade, attracting immigrants and diverse settlers.
How did the Mayflower Compact and the House of Burgesses each contributed to self-government in the colonies.
The Mayflower Compact set a precedent for written self-government by having settlers consent to laws. The House of Burgesses created an elected assembly where colonists could make local laws.
Explain how the plantation system shaped social and political power in the Southern colonies.
Plantation owners controlled land and labor, concentrating wealth and political influence in a planter elite who shaped colonial laws and society
Explain how cash crops like rice and indigo affected the scale of the Atlantic slave trade and the economies of southern colonies
Cash crops required large, continuous labor forces to be profitable. Plantation owners turned increasingly to the Atlantic slave trade to supply enslaved workers with the skills and labor needed. This increased the scale of slavery and tied southern colonial economies to global markets
A group of wealthy planters who held great influence over a society’s economic, cultural, and political life
Plantocracy