Elements of Language
The boy threw the ball to the girl.
"The boy" is:
A) the subject
B) the direct object
C) the indirect object
D) the predicate
A) the subject
Fix this sentence to have parallel structure:
"My hobbies include bowling, cooking food for my family, to watch movies, and hanging with my friends."
"My hobbies include bowling, cooking food for my family, to watch movies, and hanging with my friends."
My hobbies include bowling, cooking food for my family, watching movies, and hanging with my friends.
en-, em-
in or into, to cause
employ, engage, enrapture, embodiment, empathy, emphasis
e-, ex-, exo-, ecto-
out, out of, out from
Examples: eject, erupt, exclude, exception, explain, exoskeleton, exotic, express...
de-, di-
down from, away from
Examples: descend, deter, defer, delete, delay, digress, decouple, despair
The boy threw the ball to the girl.
"The ball" is:
A) the subject
B) the direct object
C) the predicate
D) the indirect object
B) the direct object
I love to bake cookies, preparing soups, and to make fresh salads.
I love to bake cookies, to prepare soups, and to make fresh salads.
-- OR --
I love baking cookies, preparing soups, making fresh salads.
endo-, ento-
within, inside of
Examples: endoscopy, endothermic, endocrine, endoskeleton, endocarditis
a-, ab-
away from, away, absent of
Examples: abnormal, abductor, asymmetrical, abhor, abolish, abdicate, abstract, abstain, absolve, abort
per-
through, thoroughly
Examples: permit, perspective, persist, permanent, perfect, person, perspiration
The boy threw the ball to the girl.
"The girl" is:
A) the subject
B) the direct object
C) the predicate
D) the indirect object
D) the indirect object
The novel was praised for its vivid descriptions, interesting plot, and how it develops characters.
The novel was praised for its vivid descriptions, interesting plot, and well-developed characters.
peri-
around or surrounding
Examples: perimeter, periodically, peripheral, periscopepro-
for, forward, in front of
Examples: proceed, promote, progress, produce, provide, prolific, proclaim, procrastinate, pronoun
con-, com-, col-, cor-, co-
with, together
Examples: conference, contact, concur, communicate, commotion, compound, collateral, collaborate, collide, correlation, correct, cooperate, cohabitate, cohesive
This sentence has the same meaning as the prior examples, but this sentence is different because it is in ________________.
A) past tense
B) passive voice
C) subjunctive mood
D) second person
B) passive voice
The list of items were long and complicated.
The list of items was long and complicated.
amphi-, ambi-
both, on both sides
Examples: amphibious, amphitheater, ambiguous, ambivalent, ambidextrous, ambition
circa-, circum-
around, surrounding
Examples: circumference, circumnavigate, circuit, circle, circus, circumvent
extra-
outside of, beyond
Examples: extralegal, extramarital, extraterrestrial, extraordinary, extravagant, extradite"I never had no problems." In Standard American English, this is grammatically incorrect because it has a double ___________.
A double negative.
Correct: "I never had any problems" or "I always had no problems."
The cake, along with the cookies, were baked for the party.
The cake, along with the cookies, was baked for the party.
1. micro- , 2. macro-, and 3. mega-
1. small/tiny, 2. big, and 3. huge
Examples: microcosm, microscope, microbiology, macroeconomics, macromolecule, megalomaniac, megabyte, megaphone, megalodon
di-, dis-, dys-
not, apart, reverse
Examples: disturb, dysfunctional, disinformation, disdain, dystopia, diligent, discriminate
re-
back OR again
Examples: reflex, reverse, revoke, remove, recede, repel, reduce / reread, reiterate, recreate, redo, repeat, rejuvenate, reincarnate, redundant
You can express this tense three different ways.
Example: "I teach," "I am teaching," and "I do teach."
Present tense
"Stalactites and stalagmites are the famous 'icicle' mineral deposits found in caves that hang down from the ceiling and grow up from the floor, respectively."
What does 'respectively' mean here, and what does it imply?
"Respectively" means that items from two lists correspond to one another based on the sequence of each list.
Here, it means that stalactites hang from the ceiling and stalagmites grow from the floor.
hypo- vs. hyper-
less than normal, under, below vs. more than normal, above, over
Examples: hypocrite, hypoglycemic, hypothesis, hypotenuse / hyperbole, hyperventilate, hype, hyperactive, hyperextend, hypervigilant
super- vs. sub-
1. above, over vs. 2. below, under
Examples: superior, supersonic, superlative, superb, submarine, substandard, subzero, substitute, subscribe, subpar
1. ante- vs. 2. post-
before vs. after
Examples: anteroom, ante-meridian (A.M.), antebellum, antecedent, anterior, posterior, postpone, postpartum, posthumous
The difference between simple, continuous, and perfect?
Simple = one single action ("I paint every day")
Continuous = ongoing unfinished action ("I have painted every day since I was 5")
Perfect = finished action ("I had painted the wall before you came and made a mess on it with crayons, Billy!")
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should portion their meals, and to do some warm-up exercises before the game.
The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should portion their meals, and that they should do some warm-up exercises before the game.
hydro- vs. geo- vs. pyro- vs. aero-
water vs. earth vs. fire vs. air
Examples: hydroelectric, hydraulic, dehydrated / geology, geothermal, geography / pyromaniac, pyroclastic, pyrotechnics / aerodynamics, aeronautics, aerobic
ac-, ad-, ag-, al-, app-, ar-, as-
towards, to
Examples: accordance, accrue, advertise, adopt, adore, agree, aggregate, align, allude, altruism, appraise, apply, arise, arraign, assign, assist, assuage
1. inter- vs. 2. intra- vs. 3. infra-
1. between/among vs. 2. inside/within vs. 3. under
Examples: interpersonal, interested, intersection, internet, interpolate, interaction, interfere, interstate, interrupt, intercept, intracellular, intrinsic, intricate, infrared, infrastructure, inferior