Unit 1
Definition of arduous
What is extremely difficult to achieve?
Definition of exacerbate
What is to make more severe; to intensify?
Definition of logistical
What is related to or concerned with handling and planning of personnel and material?
Definition of candor
What is frankness or honesty?
Definition of fruition
What is accomplishment or realization of a goal?
Why do authors develop central ideas by connecting and relating key details?
It helps describe, explain, prove, or provide additional information about the central ideas.
What are the 3 key components of rhetoric?
The message, the author/speaker, and the audience
It has to be accurate, relevant, and credible.
How does an antithesis affect tone? What is the point in using it?
It makes the tone of the writing seem more dramatic and can highlight an aspect of the author’s argument
What does analogical reasoning do?
It compares the present case and a similar example to make further arguments
What are the essential points in an objective summary?
Explicit and implicit meanings behind the main points of the text
What are some examples of credible sources of information?
academic journals, newspapers and magazines, books, informational videos, print and digital encyclopedias, credible websites and other online sources, public libraries
How do you make sure your information connects with the audience?
The information should be clear and focused, have a smooth and logical flow, and should interest and engage your readers.
Which is an example of a quality, revised claim?
A) Fining drivers who text while driving has advantages and disadvantages.
B) Free Wi-Fi is available at all Starbucks coffee shops in Pennsylvania.
C) Motorcycle helmets should be required in all 50 states.
C
What should you ask when revising sentences?
What sentences can be simplified or combined?
What ideas within sentences can I put into subordinate clauses?
Where can I use transitions to clarify the relationships between my claim and reasons, my reasons and evidence, and my counterclaims and rebuttals?
What does it mean to determine and discover when analyzing texts?
You have to determine the central ideas, whether they are stated or implied
You have to discover the key details or support for the central ideas
How do key terms affect the meaning and understanding of a text?
by guiding readers to essential ideas or concepts
by emphasizing the main ideas or concepts
by providing a colorful or powerful description
What do authors consider when they use rhetorical appeals?
the intended effect on the audience
the social context of the argument
What is antithesis used for?
to highlight particular qualities of an idea by juxtaposing it against an idea with opposite qualities
to heighten the drama of a sentence
to show change before and after an event
to show the extent of the difference between two viewpoints
How can this sentence be revised?
The startling truth of texting and driving is found in these staggering statistics: every single day, 11 teenagers die tragically because of texting while driving.
An average of 11 teens die each day due to texting while driving.
What is a text structure you can use to analyze complex texts at the structural level and how can you identify it?
Problem-solution. The author presents a problem or problems and offers solutions. Transitions suited to this structure include for one thing, most importantly, and as you can see.
Statement-support. The author states an opinion or judgment and offers support for it. Transitions suited to this structure include for example, for instance, and in addition.
Comparison/contrast. The author discusses similarities and differences between two or more items, ideas, concepts, places, persons, or events and emphasizes superiority of one over others. Transitions suited to the comparison structure include likewise, also, and similarly. Transitions suited to the contrast structure include however, yet, and on the other hand.
Cause-effect. The author presents a cause or causes for an event and supports that view, or the author presents possible effects of an event and supports that view. Transitions suited to this structure include therefore, consequently, and as a result.
How does refining a key term in writing affect the text?
It gives the reader a deeper comprehension of the term’s meaning and the way the term affects key ideas.
What do rhetorical appeals appeal to and what does that mean?
Ethos: persuade an audience by presenting arguments that establish a positive reputation or sense of authority.
AKA: appeal to authority or credibility
Pathos: persuade an audience by presenting arguments that focus on and bring about universally held emotions, beliefs, or experiences. It can also be referred to as an appeal to emotion.
Logos: persuade an audience by presenting clear, consistent arguments that contain logical evidence and reasoning.
Aka: an appeal to logic, reason, or common sense
Kairos: persuade an audience by presenting arguments that are most appropriate in a particular situation and come at the right time
Which words or phrases in this paragraph have related connotations?
We are not deceived by their pretenses to piety. We have seen their kind before. They are the heirs of all the murderous ideologies of the 20th century. By sacrificing human life to serve their radical visions—by abandoning every value except the will to power—they follow in the path of fascism, Nazism, and totalitarianism. And they will follow that path all the way, to where it ends: in history’s unmarked grave of discarded lies.
deceived
murderous
Nazism
unmarked grave of discarded lies
How can these sentences be revised?
The writing process can help you write better. The writing process is made up of five steps. The five steps are prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. The steps do not have to be followed in order. Some writers combine revising with editing. Some writers combine drafting and revising.
Following the five steps of the writing process—prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing—is the key to improving your writing. However, the steps do not have to be completed in order; for example, some writers combine drafting with revising, while others combine revising with editing.