Unit 1
An additional element placed at the beginning or end of a word, or in the body of the word, to modify its meaning
Affiixe(Prefix and Suffix)
Meaning of Auspicious
Indicating favorable conditions or suggesting the likelihood of good fortune
Meaning of Harangue
To make an long oration or speak at length
Meaning of Vehemently
in a way that is strongly emotional, heated, or impassioned.
Meaning of Surreptitiously
stealthily or sneakly
What is the meaning of Implicit and Explicit meaning?
Implicit: something that is implied but not stated directly. Can be determined by making an inference
Explicit: something that is clearly stated, easily detectable, and is conveyed through an author's direct message.
What are Literary Devices?
Elements or structures that authors use to convey their message, affect the reader's imagination and add interesting excitement to a text.
Ex: Allegory, Anaphora, Analogy
What is Perspective?
The point of view from which a story is told. An author’s or a character’s attitudes, values, or opinions that influence the representation of a topic.
Why is Word Choice important?
An author's choice of words can provide clues that help readers make determinations about perspective.
What is Pacing?
the rhythm of the story—how slowly or quickly the actions and events develop and unfold. Authors make deliberate and thoughtful choices about controlling the pace of their narratives.
What are the five important types of Context Clues?
definition/restatement, elaborating detail, example, comparison and contrast.
Why do authors use Figurative Language?
This allows writers to explain or clarify one item in terms of another on a nonliteral level. It also allows the writer to say more in fewer words and to say it more powerfully
How do setting and tone impact a story?
Both of these add depth to a story by appealing to a reader's emotions and senses?
How do authors use sarcasm and irony to help with perspective?
Authors can convey ironic and satirical perspectives through implied meanings, exaggeration, and understatement. Words carry emotions and can contain multiple meanings that readers need to figure out. Authors can choose words and dialogue that add irony or sarcasm, which supplies readers with the perspectives of the author as well as the characters.
Why do authors use humor in their texts?
Authors use humor to convey their tone and perspective (more often than not in an indirect manner). Through perspective, authors provide readers with a character’s interpretation of a story’s events, other characters, and social setting.
Read this excerpt from And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie.
Suddenly, in spite of the heat in the carriage she shivered and wished she wasn’t going to the sea. A picture rose clearly before her mind. Cyril’s head, bobbing up and down, swimming to the rock. … Up and down – up and down. And herself, swimming easy practiced strokes after him – cleaving her way through the water but knowing, only too surely, that she wouldn’t be in time. ...
The sea – its deep warm blue mornings spent lying out on the sands – Hugo – Hugo who had said he loved her. ...
She must not think of Hugo.
What is the use of flashback in this excerpt?
This flashback provides background for this character, it relates an action to image from the present into one that thas previously occurred, and it will provide the backstory needed to understand the character.
Read the excerpt from Utopia.
“One day, when I was dining with him, there happened to be at table one of the English lawyers, who took occasion to run out in a high commendation of the severe execution of justice upon thieves, ‘who,’ as he said, ‘were then hanged so fast that there were sometimes twenty on one gibbet!’ and, upon that, he said, ‘he could not wonder enough how it came to pass that, since so few escaped, there were yet so many thieves left, who were still robbing in all places.’”
Why did the author use sarcasm in this excerpt?
Hythloday uses sarcasm to express disapproval of the English lawyer’s crude sentiments and irrational reasoning in relation to the (in)justice and severity of capital punishment. His comments criticize the absurdity behind the lawyer’s eager and unfounded approval of mass public execution of criminals.
What are examples of ambiguity in "Ozymandias"?
Line 1, I met a traveler from an antique land
From the first line, the author is ambiguous about where this "land" is located, from the first line us, as the readers, enter into a world of ambiguity and uncertainty.
Also line 8, Line 10, and 11
Read the third stanza from Lord Tennyson’s poem “The Charge of the Light Brigade,” which tells of the bravery of British soldiers during the Crimean War.
III
Cannon to right of them,
Cannon to left of them,
Cannon in front of them
Volley’d and thunder’d;
Storm’d at with shot and shell,
Boldly they rode and well,
Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of hell
Rode the six hundred.
How does the author use anaphora in this poem?
In this stanza, Tennyson uses anaphora when he repeats the words “cannon” and “into,” as well as the similar phrases “to the right of them,” “to the left of them,” and “in front of them.” This figurative language helps readers visualize the soldiers’ chaotic and helpless situation: They are trapped by the cannons and will inevitably die.
How does Pace affect a story?
Slowing down the pace allows the author to portray aspects of the character and to generate a tone of uncertainty and suspense. Moving a story along fast keeps the readers on the edge of their seats, eager to know what happens after.
Read the excerpt from The War of the Worlds:
Those who have never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the absence of a chin beneath the wedgelike lower lip, the incessant quivering of this mouth, the Gorgon groups of tentacles, the tumultuous breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth …
What is the use of connotation in the word "incessant" in this excerpt?
The word "incessant" described the quivering of the Martian's mouth and suggests that this action is annoying to the point of being creepy.
ead the excerpt from The Tempest.
ARIEL.
Not a soul
But felt a fever of the mad, and played
Some tricks of desperation. All but mariners
Plunged in the foaming brine, and quit the vessel,
Then all afire with me. The King’s son, Ferdinand,
With hair upstaring—then like reeds, not hair—
Was the first man that leaped; cried, ‘Hell is empty,
And all the devils are here.’
What tone is used in this excerpt?
Ariels actions and words produce a hectic and threatening tone that alludes to the chaos one feels when experiencing something extremely unpleasant and disorienting.
What is theme?
The central message or universal truth that the author conveys through the characters and plot. IN other words, a theme can be a lesson that readers learn after reading a text. One text's theme can be transferred to other texts as well.
Read the opening stanza from Thomas Hardy’s poem “The Darkling Thrush.”
I leant upon a coppice gate
When Frost was spectre-gray,
And Winter’s dregs made desolate
The weakening eye of day.
What figurative language is in this opening stanza?
This stanza includes several metaphors. The frost is described as “spectre-gray,” comparing it to an apparition or ghost. “Winter’s dregs” refers to the season as the last remnant or undesirable part of something. And “the weakening eye of day” compares the waning day to a dimming eye.
Narrative Elements consist of:
Characterization-revealing the nature of characters
Plot-sequence of actions or events
Setting-where the story takes place(time and place)
Tone-author's attitude or approach