english
the way of using words as a way to persuade, communicate, influence, or motivate
3 main rhetorical appeals
ethos (creds) logos (logic) pathos (emotions)
mood
feeling created by the work
zeugma
word that is used twice (he held his breath and the door. HELD)
straw man fallacy
speaker chooses poor or oversimplified example to ridicule their opponent
rhetorical triangle
relationship between speaker, audience, and subject
diction
word choice
constructions
parallelisms (grammar), juxtapositions (opposing metaphor), antithesis (opposite)
rogerian arguments
ways to make a mutually beneficial argument
false dilemma
two extreme options as the only choices that are presented
persona
the character that a speaker portrays to the audience
syntax
how words are specifically arranged
sentence types
compound, complex, periodic, cumulative, imperative
compound (uses comma, and) complex (does not need comma, and) periodic (main subject at the end) cumulative (subject in the beginning) imperative (command, request)
Thesis types
open, closed, counterargument
closed theses- major ideas/points listed
open thesis- doesn't list all points
counter argumentative thesis- acknowledges opposite viewpoint before its own
Fallacies of Insufficiency
1. hasty generalization- not enough evidence to support claim
2. circular reasoning- repeating claim as evidence (no true evidence)
rhetorical situation
a situation where peoples understanding can be changed through messages
what is diction/syntax used to find
tone
anaphora
repetition of a phrase at the beginning of a sentence
logical fallacies
red herring fallacy
attacking something instead of using logic
using irrelevant information to divert attention
first hand evidence
second hand evidence
personal experience, anecdotes that the speaker heard, observations, general knowledge
read, researched, and/or investigated, historical info, expert opinion, quantitative evidence
SOAPS
Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker; elements that make up the rhetorical situation
tone
speaker's attitude toward the subject as revealed by language choice
horative
language that urges or calls to action
ad hominem fallacy
speaker attacks a persons character and not the argument
synthesis
a consideration of various viewpoints to create a new/more informed viewpoint