Terms
What is Divine Right?
Being chosen by God, usually see themselves as being better than other people.
Define recall and dissolve.
Recall is to start parliament, dissolve is to get rid of parliament (stop it).
Charles I
Leader of England who came to the throne in 1625. He is the son of James I and was really disliked.
What were the loopholes Charles used to make money? Define them.
Ship Money: a tax on ships that Charles extended to all citizens, even those who lived inland.
Tunnage and Poundage: tariffs on imports and exports.
What is Habeas Corpus?
A person cannot be held in prison without just cause or without a trial.
What is reform?
To make changes
What is Strafford's Fork?
What citizens called the changes Lord Strafford made to raise money for Charles.
James I
Charles I's father and ruler of England before Charles. Took the throne in 1603 and was also disliked by the citizens of England.
Why did Charles and Parliament have such a bad relationship?
Charles only called parliament when he needed money, recalled and dissolved parliament whenever he wanted to, and he wanted an absolute monarchy so he was not willing to work with parliament.
What was Lord Strafford arrested and executed for?
Treason: betraying your country.
What was the 11 Years Tyranny and when did it occur?
Charles was upset about the Petition of Right. He had the power to start and end parliamentary sessions so he dissolved it for 11 years. 1629-1640.
What is the National Covenant and when did it occur?
Signed in 1638 by the Scottish people to reject the religious reforms Charles made.
Archbishop Laud
Made religious reforms for Charles and was disliked by citizens of England because they thought he would make them more Catholic.
Why did Charles storm parliament, when did he do this, and what was the result?
Charles stormed parliament with 400 soldiers to attempt to arrest his 5 biggest critics in January 1642 but he was unsuccessful and fled.
What is the importance of Nottingham?
In August 1642 Charles rallies support by raising his standard (royal flag) in Nottingham which was the official start of the English Civil War.
What is the Petition of Right and when was it signed? Name 2 stipulations in the document.
In return for money for war, Charles has to sign away some powers, such as not taxing without parliament's consent and no unjust imprisonment. Reminded citizens that the parliament would defend their rights. 1628.
Describe the Bishops' Wars.
Short period where the Scottish people revolted against Charles to keep their Presbyterian religion.
Lord Strafford
Charles' money man who found him loopholes to make/take more money for English citizens. He would eventually be arrested and executed.
Name the divisions of parliament and describe them.
Radical: wanted king's power completely extinguished
Moderate: alright with keeping king in power, as long as he agreed to some basic rules and limits on his power.
What did Henrietta Maria do for Charles and why?
She went to Europe to sell the crown jewels after the failed storming of parliament to raise money for the impending war.
What is the Grand Remonstrance and when was it signed? Be specific.
A lengthy document, listing everything Charles did wrong and the poor choices he made as a leader. Within this, parliament made multiple demands, including the arrest of Archbishop Laud. October 1641.
What is the Court of Star Chamber? Be specific.
Used to hold unfair trials for people who spoke out against Charles. There were no witnesses, no juries, and no evidence required to imprison people.
Royalists/Cavaliers
Supporters of Charles who typically came from noble families and knew how to ride well.
Define Short vs. Long Parliament - Be specific!
Short: 1640. recalled parliament because Charles needed money mostly due to the Bishops' Wars. Ending the 11 years tyranny. only lasted 3 weeks because parliament criticized him.
Long: Nov 1640. Bishops' Wars ended but Charles was bankrupt. Parliament made really heavy demands, such as minimum parliament lengths and the arrest of Lord Strafford. This is when Parliaments power overtook the kings.
What is the symbolism of the stained glass?
Church of England has stained glass to show their status because it was extremely expensive which was seen as a waste of money. It represented how money was wasted on extravagant items.