Jamestown & Southern Colonies
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown
What was the Middle Passage?
The forced voyage that carried enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas
What ship carried the Pilgrims to North America in 1620?
The Mayflower
Name the four Middle Colonies.
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
What is a crop grown mainly to be sold for profit called?
A cash crop
What cash crop made Jamestown profitable?
Tobacco
In what year did the first Africans arrive in the English North American colonies?
1619
What document established a government for the Plymouth colonists?
The Mayflower Compact
Which colonial region had the greatest cultural and religious diversity?
The Middle Colonies
What was an indentured servant?
A person who agreed to work for several years in exchange for passage to America and payment in land or goods
What rule did Captain John Smith establish to encourage everyone to contribute?
“He that will not work shall not eat.”
Approximately how long did the Atlantic slave trade last?
Nearly 300 years
Why did the Puritans believe everyone should learn to read?
They believed people should be able to read the Bible for themselves.
Why did the Dutch establish New Netherland?
To create a profitable trading post, especially for the fur trade
What is a proprietary colony?
A colony owned by an individual rather than a joint-stock company
What were the two original purposes of the Georgia colony?
To provide a colony for prisoners and debtors and to serve as a buffer against Spanish Florida
Why did so many enslaved Africans die during the Middle Passage?
They were crowded into extremely hot, unsanitary conditions where diseases spread easily.
What was unusual about Rhode Island when it was founded?
It allowed complete freedom of religion.
How did William Penn attract settlers to Pennsylvania?
He printed booklets describing the land and promising religious freedom.
Why did attempts to enslave Native Americans for plantation labor often fail?
Many died from European diseases, and others escaped because they knew the land.
Why did the Jamestown colonists’ expectations make survival more difficult?
Many expected to become rich quickly and were unprepared for the hard physical labor needed to survive.
Why did Southern plantation owners increasingly use enslaved Africans instead of indentured servants?
Enslaved labor was permanent and more profitable for plantation owners, while indentured servants eventually completed their contracts and left.
How was the New England economy different from the economy of the Southern Colonies?
New England relied more on shipbuilding, whaling, small farms, and commerce, while the South relied heavily on large farms and cash crops.
What was unusual about England’s takeover of New Amsterdam?
The Dutch surrendered, and the English took the colony without firing a shot.
Name three hardships colonists might have faced when creating a new colony.
Answers may include disease, starvation, harsh weather, lack of clean water, food shortages, building shelter, unfamiliar land, labor shortages, or conflict with Native Americans.