Tools and their use
It is used for checking the oil level in the engine.
A dipstick
Name safety equipment that mechanics use in the garage (at least 3)
Safety helmet to protect our head; Safety glasses to protect our eyes; Leather apron and faceshield when welding; Fire extinguisher to put out/extinguish fire
Name at least 4 people who work in the garage and describe what they do.
Car body painter – sprays cars, paints scratches ; Panel beater – repairs the bodywork ; Mechanic – repairs cars etc.; Foreman – makes a list of jobs for the day, checks the quality of work ; Apprentice – trains to be a car mechanic ; Secretary - does paperwork, works in the office
It shows you that the car is registered.
Number plate or Licence plate
A cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder
Piston
What tools and equipment do you need for changing a flat tyre? (Name at least 4)
Jack ; Wheel wrench ; Spare tyre ; (Wheel chocks) ; Air compressor
Do you know what to do in case of emergency (someone is hurt)?
Give first aid; Call the ambulance (155); ...
Describe some of the typical activities done in the garage.
Adjust the clutch ; Change the oil filter ; Change a flat tyre ; Clean dirty tools ; Change spark plugs ; Use engine analyser ; …
Can you name the types of lights you have on your car? (Name at least 4)
Headlights. There are two types of headlights—low beam and high beam. These lights allow the driver to see the roadway in the dark, while also signaling to other motorists that a car is present. Low beams provide a light distribution to give adequate forward and lateral illumination without blinding other road users with excessive glare. High beams provide an intense, center-weighted distribution of light with no particular control of glare and should only be used when there are no visible cars in front of you (coming or going). ;
Tail lights. Tail lights are required to produce only red light at the rear of the vehicle and are wired such that they are lit whenever the headlights are on. This helps drivers who are traveling behind you to recognize that you’re there and how far ahead you are. ;
Daytime running lights. These lights are located in both the front and rear of the car and generally turn on automatically; although in some cars you do have an option to turn them off. They are designed to make you more visible to other vehicles, but some drivers find them distracting in oncoming cars. ;
Fog lights. Located near the headlights, these lights and are generally mounted low in order to prevent the light from refracting on the fog and glaring back toward you (the driver). These should only be used during fog when normal headlights are not effective. ;
Signal lights. Also known as turn signals or “blinkers” these are located in the front and back of the car, beside the head and tail lights. When activated, they indicate to other drivers that you’ll soon be turning (in the indicated direction of the signal) and will most likely be slowing down to do so. ;
Brake lights. Located to the side of your rear lights, they signal drivers that you’re slowing down or stopping. Since they’re only activated when you apply the brakes you don’t need to worry about misusing them. However, you do have to make sure they are properly maintained and do not burn out. ;
Hazard lights. Also known as flashers, they are located in the front and back of the vehicle. When turned on they admit a flashing signal to warn other drivers that you’re experiencing a problem, are in distress, or warning of an immediate danger (rocks in the road, slow funeral procession). They should only be used as warnings of distress or traffic problems—never as stop signal or illegal parking permit.;
Driving lamps. These are located inside the cab of your vehicle and are used to brighten the cab for the passenger or driver to safely check maps or directions, or locate items in the dark. They should never be used for long periods.
It's a place where combustion happens; here piston moves up and down
Cylinder
It is a device used for accurate measurement.
A micrometer
What is active and passive safety? Which of these belong to active/passive safety category - ABS / CRUMPLE ZONE / SEAT BELT / AIRBAGS / XENON HEADLIGHTS / ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL / ESP / SHATTERPROOF WINDSCREEN
Active safety features prevent accidents from happening. Passive safety features lessen the chance of death and serious injury in instances where an accident is unavoidable.
Describe the parts of a typical garage/workshop (at least 4) and its equipment. What is done in each part?
Showroom – display new cars ; Workshop – repair cars ; Paintshop – spray car bodies ; Spare parts store – store car parts ; Washing bay – wash the vehicles ; Office – do paperwork
You need to adjust it in order to see the traffic behind you.
Side mirror or Rear-view mirror
It connects the piston to the crankshaft. It can rotate as the piston moves.
The piston rod / connecting rod
A tool that is used to measure the distance or gap between two objects.
A feeler gauge (listová měrka)
Name the following traffic signs (separate picture)
Picture
What qualities should a good apprentice have?
Hard-working, responsible, reliable, …
Can you name at least 10 parts of the car exterior?
bonnet, front bumper, headlight, indicator, logo, petrol cap or flap, roof, sill, sunroof, tyre, wheel arch, wheel trim, windscreen, windscreen wiper, wing , ...
What is the difference between a diesel and a petrol engine?
The petrol engines use spark plugs to ignite the air-fuel mixture, while diesel engines rely solely on heavily compressed air...
What tools and equipment do you need for changing the oil? (at least 3)
Oil filter ; Container ; Oil filter spanner ; dipstick
What do apprentices have to do in the garage to stay safe/keep safety rules?
Follow foreman´s instruction; Use approved equipment; Wear protective clothing; Clean the workspace; Can´t smoke/drink alcohol; ...
In what way are the tools used?
Inspection pit / Car lift / Engine analyser / Air compressor / Jack
Inspection pit / Car lift / Engine analyser / Air compressor / Jack
What function do these features have? Side mirror, bumper, exhaust pipe, number plate, indicator light, tail light.
Side mirror provides the driver with a view of the side areas of the car. Bumper helps prevent direct contact and limits damage that can occur in minor accidents or parking accidents. Exhaust pipe is designed to remove dangerous waste gases and fumes produced as the engine burns fuel. Number plate is printed with a unique combination of letters and/or numbers, which is registered with the department of motor vehicles under your name. Indicator light. When you activate your turn signal inside the vehicle, the corresponding indicator lights outside the vehicle will begin to flash. Tail lights are programmed to light up automatically whenever your vehicle’s headlights are on, or the parking brake is active.
Can you describe a four stroke engine cycle?
Intake stroke (sací zdvih) – the piston starts at the top, the intake valve opens, the piston moves down and sucks air and fuel into the cylinder. In a diesel engine only air is sucked into the cylinder. ; Compression stroke (kompresní zdvih) – now the piston moves back up to compress the mixture of fuel and air. In a diesel engine the air is compressed, which raises its temperature.;
Power stroke (pracovní zdvih) – when the piston reaches the top, the spark plug emits a spark, which ignites the mixture of fuel and air. The explosion drives the piston back down the cylinder. A diesel engine doesn´t need a spark. The aerosol of oil ignites on contact with the hot air.;
Exhaust stroke (výfukový zdvih) – when the piston hits the bottom, the exhaust valve opens and the exhaust gases leave the cylinder through the exhaust valve. In a diesel engine the exhaust gases are cooler, which makes the engine more efficient.