Word classes
Name the lexical word classes.
verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs
What's the difference between finite and non-finite clauses?
Finite: tense, aspect, modality
Non-finite: no tense or modality
Name the three primary auxiliaries.
What is the most common complement of a preposition in a prepositional phrase?
NPs
Name all syntactic roles that a word(s) can play in a clause.
S, V, DO, IO, A, SP, OP
What morphological test can be applied to adjectives and adverbs?
Adding a comparative or superlative morpheme -er and -est.
What are the three major types of non-finite clauses?
-ing, -ed, and to clauses
Describe the difference between tense and aspect.
Tense: When something occurred
Aspect: Whether it has completed or not
What's the most common structure of adverbial?
PP
What is a 'lemma'?
All morphological forms of a word that share the same meaning.
What word class does "according to" belong to?
complex preposition
When can you use a zero relativizer in relative clauses?
When non-subject gap
What test can be used to differentiate prepositional verbs from phrasal verbs?
Object of prepositional verbs cannot come before the preposition
What test can be applied to differentiate attributive adjectives from premodifying nouns?
Reparaphrasing the two words as a prepositional phrase.
What kind of noun is 'load' in 'a load of laundry'?
Package noun
What word class does 'back' in 'back from school' belong to?
What syntactic difference differentiates nouns completed by completed clauses from nouns postmodified by a relative clause?
There is no gap in the complement clause.
Tense: -
Aspect: perfect, progressive
Modality: +
Voice: passive
What's an example of a prepositional phrase acting as a linking adverbial?
In addition
Provide an example of a bare infinitive in a sentence.
She helped him buy a couch.
There are three word classes that are comprised of a single word each. Name them.
infinitive to, existential there, negator not
Give an example of a complex transitive sentence.
S+V+O+OP
She called him ugly
S+V+O+A
She put the baby on the blanket
Give an example of a specifying genitive noun and a classifying genitive noun phrase.
Specifying: Whose X? (the child's mess)
Classifying: What kind of X? (a summer's day)
Which word class usually takes the rare postponed adjective?
indefinite pronouns (e.g., someone)