Word classes
Dependent clauses
The short verb phrase
Phrases
Wildcard
100

Name the lexical word classes.

verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs

100

What's the difference between finite and non-finite clauses?

Finite: tense, aspect, modality

Non-finite: no tense or modality

100

Name the three primary auxiliaries.

do, have, is
100

What is the most common complement of a preposition in a prepositional phrase?

NPs

100

Name all syntactic roles that a word(s) can play in a clause.

S, V, DO, IO, A, SP, OP

200

What morphological test can be applied to adjectives and adverbs?

Adding a comparative or superlative morpheme -er and -est.

200

What are the three major types of non-finite clauses?

-ing, -ed, and to clauses

200

Describe the difference between tense and aspect.

Tense: When something occurred

Aspect: Whether it has completed or not

200

What's the most common structure of adverbial?

PP

200

What is a 'lemma'?

All morphological forms of a word that share the same meaning.

300

What word class does "according to" belong to?

complex preposition

300

When can you use a zero relativizer in relative clauses?

When non-subject gap

300

What test can be used to differentiate prepositional verbs from phrasal verbs?

Object of prepositional verbs cannot come before the preposition

300

What test can be applied to differentiate attributive adjectives from premodifying nouns?

Reparaphrasing the two words as a prepositional phrase.

300

What kind of noun is 'load' in 'a load of laundry'?

Package noun

400

What word class does 'back' in 'back from school' belong to?

adverbial particle
400

What syntactic difference differentiates nouns completed by completed clauses from nouns postmodified by a relative clause?

There is no gap in the complement clause.

400
Describe the tense, aspect, modality, and voice of this verb phrase: 'could have been being shown'

Tense: -

Aspect: perfect, progressive

Modality: +

Voice: passive

400

What's an example of a prepositional phrase acting as a linking adverbial?

In addition

400

Provide an example of a bare infinitive in a sentence.

She helped him buy a couch.

500

There are three word classes that are comprised of a single word each. Name them.

infinitive to, existential there, negator not

500
It is often said that 'whose' cannot be used as a relativizer of a non-animate head noun. What relativizer can act as substitute?
of which
500

Give an example of a complex transitive sentence.

S+V+O+OP

She called him ugly

S+V+O+A

She put the baby on the blanket

500

Give an example of a specifying genitive noun and a classifying genitive noun phrase.

Specifying: Whose X? (the child's mess)

Classifying: What kind of X? (a summer's day)

500

Which word class usually takes the rare postponed adjective?

indefinite pronouns (e.g., someone)

M
e
n
u