Unit 1
What does the word "arduous" mean?
extremely difficult to achieve
What does the word "alienation" mean?
state of being isolated or withdrawn
What does the word "pervasive" mean?
existing or spreading throughout something
What does the word "encroach" mean?
to advance or intrude beyond set limits
What does the word "fruition" mean?
accomplishment or realization of a goal
How do you describe a central idea?
To determine a central idea, you must determine what the author most wants you to remember about what you are reading.
What are the three parts of the rhetorical triangle?
The three parts of the rhetorical triangle are The message is the content itself, the text—what is being communicated. It is also the writer/speaker (author) is the person delivering the message. The audience is the person or people the author is trying to persuade—those who will receive the message.
What are some common structures, or patterns of organization, in informational text
Some common structures, or patterns of organization, in informational text are
What is "Antithesis"?
Antithesis literally means “opposite,” and in rhetoric, antithesis describes the rhetorical feature of placing extreme opposites in close proximity, usually within the same sentence. This creates a strong contrast, which can make the tone of the writing seem more dramatic or can highlight an aspect of the author’s argument. You can find antithesis by looking for sentences that contain polar opposite concepts side by side.
What are the five primary components of the Toulmin Model of Argument?
The five primary components of the Toulmin Model of Argument are claim, reasons, evidence, anticipated counterclaim (or rebuttal), and warrant (or backing).
What are some examples of purpose in writing?
Some examples of purpose in writing are to entertain, to persuade, or to inform.
What is the purpose of a researched essay?
The purpose of a researched essay is is to synthesize, interpret, and present information from a variety of credible (believable and convincing) sources.
What should be written in the introduction for an informational essay?
In the introduction for an informational essay, there should be a “hook” that allows the reader to spark interest in the topic and to create connections. The writer should also provide context and background about the topic—the “big picture”. They should also show the importance of the main idea. Lastly, they should narrow the scope of information and lead naturally to the thesis statement.
What are some common themes in the foundational documents of the United States?
Some of these common themes in the foundational documents of the United States are a government’s power must have limits. Another theme that is common is power is balanced between the federal government and individual states’ governments. Also, America represents an ideal of freedom and justice and all humans have rights.
How is the conclusion organized in an essay?
The conclusion is organized with the restatement of the thesis statement and additional closure elements.
Which sentence states a central idea in the section of the article “I Rode 500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car” titled “A Baby Step into the Future”?
The autonomous A7 represents one of the biggest steps forward of any automaker with self-driving cars.The autonomous A7 represents one of the biggest steps forward of any automaker with self-driving cars.
Read the excerpt from “How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy.”
When parents treat other people with compassion, selflessness, and a lack of judgment, children copy those behaviors. “Empathy can’t be taught, but it can be caught,” says Gordon.
What rhetorical features are employed in the excerpt?
The author uses “Roots of Empathy” founder Mary Gordon as an authority, which increases the believability of the information.
The author uses the words “compassion” and “selflessness,” which have emotionally powerful and positive connotations.
The author uses the words “compassion” and “selflessness,” which have emotionally powerful and positive connotations.
Reread the “Gas Shortages Spark Interest in Electric Vehicles” section in “The History of the Electric Car.”
Which excerpts from this section use a cause-and-effect structure?
Select all that apply.
Read the passage from “What Does the ‘Pursuit of Happiness’ Mean in the Declaration of Independence?”
Because happiness was widely considered a natural state for humans in the Jeffersonian era, it was believed to be what God intended and therefore deserved protection. The word’s proximity to two other natural rights—liberty and life—demonstrates that Jefferson found happiness just as important. The legal and social frameworks provided by the Declaration and the Constitution are meant to create that protection. If a large house makes you happy, for example, then another person shouldn’t be able to set it on fire; there are laws against that. What’s more, an individual shouldn’t legally be kept from pursuing that large house.
Which response most accurately explains how the author helps the reader understand the full meaning of the phrase “pursuit of happiness” in the passage?
He provides historical context by explaining that happiness was regarded as one’s birthright and should be protected from others who may impinge upon it.
Read the excerpt from “The Damned Human Race” by Mark Twain.
I find this Defect to be the Moral Sense. He is the only animal that has it. It is the secret of his degradation. It is the quality which enables him to do wrong. It has no other office. It is incapable of performing any other function. It could never have been intended to perform any other. Without it, man could do no wrong. He would rise at once to the level of the Higher Animals.
Which answer most accurately describes what Twain’s causal reasoning achieves in the excerpt?
Twain implies that the presence of moral sense in man is responsible for his ruin and makes him a lesser being.
Write a six- to eight-sentence objective summary of “Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones” by Lev Grossman
Lev Grossman's article "Video Games in the Mobile Phone Age" discusses games for mobile phones and the financial side of being a developer. They also explained the challenges they endured as developers. In his article, Lev Grossman describes the popularity of the mobile phone game Two Dots. This game received a lot of attention more attention than the other games released at the time. Even though the game's economic model wasn't the best, it was a huge hit and the creators made a lot of money. He also speaks about how large corporations have bigger advantages which is a disadvantage for small businesses because they cannot thrive as they desire.
Read the sentence from “Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections.”
Instead of our brain being like a little computer that orders the body around, the body-brain relation is a two-way street.
What figurative language is used in the sentence?
Read the passage.
Zeke and Petra went to the horse show over the weekend, they said they saw Arabians and other breeds performing in the show ring.
Which answer correctly explains what is incorrect about the passage?
A comma splice is used to connect two independent clauses.
Read the excerpt from “Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address.”
Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman’s two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said “the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.”
Which rhetorical feature does Lincoln use in the excerpt?
allusion
Write a six- to eight-sentence objective summary about rule of law
The rule of law is a set of principles or ideals that should be followed to ensure a just and orderly society. Many countries work to maintain the rule of law, which states that no one is above the law. It also states that under the law, everyone is treated equally. Everyone is also subject to the same laws. The laws establish clear and equitable procedures for enforcing the laws. There is also an independent judiciary, and all citizens' human rights are guaranteed.