Despots
*Outlawed torture
*Friends with Voltaire
*Allowed greater religious freedom, and freedom of the press
*"The sovereign is the first servant of the state."
Who is Frederick the Great?
How are Hobbes and Locke different?
Thomas Hobbes believed religion and government should be different, an absolute monarchy was necessary, and people are naturally bad.
John Locke believed in a constitutional monarchy, and he believed that all people are naturally good.
*Got thrown in jail twice
*Freedom of press, thought, and speech
*Religious tolerance and acceptance
*No intolerance, tyranny, or superstition
*Respect all individuals
Who is Voltaire?
These were meeting houses where people discussed enlightenment ideas.
What are salons, coffeehouses, and taverns?
What does it mean to be enlightened?
Having or showing a rational, modern, and well-informed outlook.
*Allowed religious tolerance
*Outlawed torture and abolished the death penalty
*Freed serfs
*Felt like a failure
*Allowed freedom of press
Who is Joseph II?
Which philosophe focused on getting rid of torture/the death penalty, improving the justice system, and teaching that education will prevent crime?
Cesare Beccaria.
Mary Wollstonecraft.
Which philosophe believed people should all have equal opportunities regardless of gender, and should be judged on character and merit and not gender?
How many times did Voltaire go to jail?
Twice.
These were fought against during the Enlightenment.
What are tyranny, ignorance, intolerance, and superstition?
*Opened hospitals and schools, including schools for girls
*Supported the arts
*Revoked reforms after revolts
*Gave nobles more rights
Who is Catherine the Great?
How did the founding fathers draw on the ideas of Baron de Montesquieu?
Montesquieu developed the idea of the three branches and the system of checks and balances.
Adam Smith developed this.
Who developed capitalism?
Why did Catherine the Great revoke her reforms?
Serfs revolted, and they attempted to overthrow the queen. Catherine, afraid of losing power, reminded everyone that she was queen by revoking her reforms and giving nobles more power and more rights.
This movement was called the Enlightenment.
What movement began in France due to the tyranny of the king, spread throughout Europe, the USA, and Latin America, and changed how people think?
Frederick the Great ruled here, Catherine the Great ruled here, and Joseph II ruled here.
Who ruled Prussia, Russia, and Austria?
Who believed that the majority of the people should get what they want, the Church and the government shouldn't have absolute power, people should be well rounded and free thinking, and everyone should be able to experience and enjoy life?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Hidalgo did this.
Who gave the Grito de Dolores, fought for Mexico's independence, and even questioned the beliefs of his own Church?
These were absolute monarchs who spread Enlightenment ideas.
What are enlightened despots?
These were promoted during the Enlightenment.
What are tolerance, education, constitutional monarchy, no more torture/death penalty, freedom of press, and equality.
Who was the most Enlightened?
As long as you supported your theory using evidence, you are correct!
What was the difference between Jefferson and Franklin?
They both believed in the USA's revolution, but Jefferson wanted a strong government, Franklin wanted a simple lifestyle, Franklin believed slavery was morally wrong, and Jefferson owned slaves.
Simon believed this.
Who believed that all of South America should unite and form one independent country?
Philosophes.
What were the public intellectuals of the Enlightenment called?
This is where the Enlightenment started.
Where is France?