Philosophers
The intellectual of the Enlightenment were especially influenced by the ideas of which two Englishmen?
John Locke and Issac Newton
The wealth of Newton was a work of which philosopher?
Adam Smith
Who was the philosopher most associated with the idea of “Social Contract”?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which English writer wrote novels about people without morals?
Henry Fielding
What movement began as a reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment?
Methodism
What is the purpose of the separation of powers?
It provides the greatest freedom security for the state and it provides any one person or group from giving so much power.
What does Laissez-faire mean?
It means to let people do what they want.
Who was recognized as a founder of the modern movement for woman’s right?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Who were the new readers of Enlightenment ideas during the time?
Middle-class citizens, woman, and urban artisans
Who was the founder of Methodism?
John Wesley.
What was one of the most favorite words of the intellectuals?
Reason.
According to Adam Smith, what are the three basic roles of the government in society?
1- protect society from invention
2- defend citizens from injustice
3- maintain public works
According to Rousseau, what does “true liberty“ mean?
Individuals had to follow the “general well”.
What were Salons during the Enlightenment? And who often hosted Salons?
Salons were gathering in the homes of wealthy upper-class individuals where writers, artists, and philosophers discuses ideas. They were often hosted by wealthy woman.
How did Methodism appeal to the lower class?
It emphasized equality, spiritual connection, and hard work, providing hope and purpose.
What was the purpose of Encyclopedi?
To change the general way of thinking
What were Physiocrats interested in?
They were interested in identifying the natural economic laws that governed human society.
What did Rousseau believe we should balance?
A balance between heart and mind, or emotions and reason.
Why was the growth of reading significant to the Enlightenment ?
Because it allowed Enlightenment ideas to reach a boarder and more diverse audience.
How did John Wesley‘s ideas contrast with the Enlightenment focus on reason?
Most Enlightenment thinkers emphasized reason, while Wesley focused on faith and emotional religious experience.
Which philosopher got inspired by newton’s idea and what law was build based on it?
The philosopher Voltaire and the law of deism
What is one example of a public work Adam Smith believed the government should maintain?
Roads and Canals
What work by Mary Wollstonecraft criticized the views of many Enlightenment thinkers regarding woman?
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
What was the role of coffeehouses in the spread of Enlightenment ideas?
Coffeehouses served as gathering places for the exchange of ideas, providing space for people to read newspapers and discuss Enlightenment ideas.
Why would many people convert and join Methodist societies?
They joined Methodist societies to do good works.