Thinkers
Who said "Dare to know!"?
Kant
This U.S. document lists grievances against the king.
Declaration of Independence
The Enlightenment inspired which two major revolutions?
American & French Revolutions
What's the difference between a subject and a citizen?
Subject = rights from king
Citizen = rights from being human (natural born rights)
Who was more optimistic about human nature, Hobbes or Locke?
Locke
Who wrote the Encyclopedia?
Diderot
This French document's motto was "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity".
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
What tool of execution was seen as "rational and equal punishment"?
The Guillotine
What did physiocrats believe was the source of wealth?
Agriculture/land
Which Enlightenment thinker compared women's rights with men's?
Wollstonecraft
Who argued for women's rights to education?
Wollstonecraft
What is the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
To declare separation from Britain & outline rights
Which French leader ruled during the Terror?
Robespierre
According to Locke, what is the purpose of government?
To protect natural rights (life, liberty, property)
Absolutism gave all power to the king. What system of government did Enlightenment thinkers prefer?
Constitutional/representative government
Which economist described the "invisible hand"?
Adam Smith
Which Enlightenment thinker most influenced the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
Why did Enlightenment ideas clash with absolutism?
Absolutism = all power in king
Enlightenment = equality & rights
Which Enlightenment motto encouraged independent thinking?
"Dare to know!"
Compare Locke vs Hobbes on government.
Locke = protect rights, limited government
Hobbes = strong ruler to control selfish people
Who believed people are selfish and need a strong ruler?
Hobbes
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
A promise by the French National Assembly to write a new consititution
What connected the American and French Revolutions?
Both drew on Enlightenment ideals of freedom & equality
Why was the guillotine considered Enlightenment?
Equal punishment, rational, no privilege in death
Compare the French and American Revolutions in one major difference.
French = radical, violent, class struggle
American = independence-focused, less radical socially