Vocabulary
An intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
Enlightenment
What type of system was the Ptolemaic System?
Geocentric system
What is the basis of Descartes' philosophy
You cannot trust your senses, but only your mind and reason.
How did Charles upset Parliament?
He tried collecting taxes without the approval of Parliament.
Why did the United States declare independence from the British Empire?
They were taxing them without representation and denying their rights in the English Bill of Rights.
An agreement made between the people and government.
Social Contract
What was Galileo able to discover through the use of telescopes?
That planets had physical features.
What are the three differences in the social contract?
Hobbes - Surrender freedom to maintain social order and stability.
Locke - Surrender some freedom so freedom can be protected.
Rousseau - Surrender some freedom to benefit the General Will
Why did Parliament invite William and Mary to invade and overthrow the government?
King James II was a Catholic and England was a Protestant country.
How were the American Colonies governed prior to the French and Indian War?
The belief that we should use reason to answer questions.
Rationalism
How was Newton able to determine the reason for orbits?
Universal Law of Gravitation
What was Voltaire's view of religion?
He was against organized religion, but believed in religious freedom for all.
What was the condition for William and Mary to become King and Queen?
They had to agree to a Bill of Rights.
Why was the Constitution created?
The Articles of Confederation were too weak to keep the country together.
The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.
Philosophy
Which scientist discovered the planets orbited the Sun in ellipses.
Johannes Kepler
What is Deism?
The belief that God created the universe and does not intervene in his creation.
How did Enlightened Absolutism hope to advance enlightenment ideals?
A strong leader would be able to force people to give up tradition and accept modernity.
What kind of government was created by the Constitution
A republic with three branches.
- Legislative
- Executive
- Judicial
The belief that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Heliocentrism
What method of inductive reasoning do scientists use to rationalize nature?
The Scientific Method
What philosopher proposed three branches of government with checks and balances?
Montesquieu
What was the result of the English Civil War?
The execution of King Charles and formation of a republic.
Why did Anti-Federalists hate the Constitution?
They thought it needed a Bill of Rights or else the government would get too strong.