Earth is center of universe
geocentric theory
3 Natural Rights
life, liberty, property
provided a space where these philosophes could meet, discuss their ideas, and spread their revolutionary thoughts
Salons
Who was leader of Russia from 1762-1796
Catherine the Great
Sun is center of universe
heliocentric theory
a form of government in which policies and laws are decided by a majority of all those eligible rather than by a body of elected representatives.
direct democracy
This term refers to the agreement between a ruler and his people, for example, the people give up some of their rights for the common good of society.
Social contract
belief in the existence of a supreme being, specifically of a creator who does not intervene in the universe.
Deism
generally considered the father of the scientific method
Sir Francis Bacon
belief that man was born basically good, and idea that society is what corrupts mankind
Rousseau
Term for making sure that no branch of government has too much power over the other
Checks and balances
new style of art which was characterized by lightness, elegance, and an exuberant use of curving natural forms in ornamentation
rococo
First 10 amendments to the Constitution
Bill of Rights
This proponent of the heliocentric theory waited till he was on his deathbed to publish his work to avoid persecution from the Church.
Copernicus
French Noble who claimed that separation of powers would protect people's freedom
Montesquieu
was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.
Voltaire
his main concern was to argue that effective government—whatever its form—must have absolute authority.
Thomas Hobbes
ruled Prussia from 1740 until his death, leading his nation through multiple wars with Austria and its allies.
Frederick II
Considered a pioneer in astronomy, he is best known for his three laws of planetary motion
Kepler
His political theory of government by the consent of the governed as a means to protect the three natural rights of “life, liberty and estate”
John Locke
A system in which rulers tried to rule by enlightenment ideas while still maintaining their royal powers
Absolutism
wrote the philosophical treatises A Discourse on the Origins of Inequality and The Social Contract
Rousseau