Thinkers
The phrase "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" in the Declaration of Independence is based in part on the Enlightenment belief in natural rights described by whom?
What happened after to the reign of terror
Napoleon came to power
The underlying goal of mercantilism was to
maintain a favorable balance of trade in order to increase the country wealth
Where was Napoleon born
Corsica
Constitutional monarchy
System of government where the monarch's power is limited by a constitution. Monarch is the head of state and parliament is the head of government
If a government does not protect the rights of the people, then the people are justified in overthrowing that government.
Who BEST fits this Enlightenment concept?
John Locke
What started the Napoleonic wars?
Russia withdrawing from the Continental system
Former slave who led the revolution in Haiti?
Toussaint Louverture
What is the document that proclaimed commitment to replace the ancien régime with a system based on equal opportunity, freedom of speech, popular sovereignty, and representative government?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Coup d'etat
The violent, illegal overthrow of a political system
In Thomas Paine’s pamphlet "Common Sense" what did he call for the people to do?
Motivate the colonists to condemn the Monarchy and declare independence.
The idea of a ___________________, was the first in history.
Peoples Army
What BEST describes the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution?
the use of violence to crush suspected enemies of the Revolution
How did Napoleon's invasion of Russia affect his empire?
Caused it to collapse, lost 500,000 of his soldiers
Bourgeoisie
Middle class
What BEST summarizes the impact of the philosophers during the Enlightenment?
Their views led to the challenge of long-held ideas about the rights of society, individuals, and government.
What were 2 achievements of the Jacobins?
abolition of slavery in the French empire
voting rights to all adult males
What was the committee of public safety?
eliminate counter-revolutionary threats, use mass executions to maintain revolutionary order.
The chaos which characterized the Reign of Terror led to the rise of?
Napolean Bonaparte
What did the English Bill of Rights establish?
A constitution that limited the power of the monarchy to protect rights.
What were the Enlightenment views on the innate qualities of the individual? (there are 3)
Thoughtful, rational, and independent
How did the Enlightenment ideas affect the French Revolution?
The bourgeoisie began to believe that government should protect individual rights.
Which of the following was one important reason for the rise in nationalism during Napoleon's era?
Napoleon encouraged national pride in each of the countries he conquered.
Where was Napoleon exiled to first
Island of Elba
What were the fundamental elements of the Napoleonic code?
freedom of person, freedom of contract, and private property are fundamental principles.
What ideas did Jean-Jacques Rousseau contribute that influenced the French Revolution?
Rousseau’s concept of the "general will" and his belief in the social contract inspired revolutionary ideals of popular sovereignty and equality, encouraging people to view government as accountable to the will of the people.
How did the French Revolution impact the social hierarchy and privileges of the nobility?
The Revolution abolished the privileges of the nobility, ending feudal dues and special legal rights, which reduced their influence and marked a shift toward greater social equality.
As a result of the Tennis Court Oath, representatives of the Third Estate swore to?
Create a constitution
How did Napoleon come to power?
Started as a soldier before coming to power through a Coup d'etat
Congress of Vienna
Group of nations that came together to remake European power after the fall of Napoleon
The basis for the Napoleonic code is based on what key principle?
No one is above the law.
What role did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen play in promoting social change?
The Declaration established principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity, asserting that all men are born equal and free, which laid the groundwork for democratic ideals and social reforms.
What reforms did Napoleon make?
What was the continental system?
Directory
5 man group that led France after the removal of King Louis XVI
How did Maximilien Robespierre’s beliefs shape revolutionary policies during the Reign of Terror?
Robespierre, influenced by Rousseau's ideas of virtue and the general will, argued that terror was necessary to preserve the Revolution’s ideals. His belief in the need to eliminate counter-revolutionary threats led to the establishment of the Committee of Public Safety, which used mass executions to maintain revolutionary order.
How did women contribute to social change during the French Revolution, and what limitations did they face?
Women participated actively, such as in the Women’s March on Versailles, demanding bread and political change. However, they were largely excluded from political rights, such as voting, despite their efforts.
What was the effect of the Consul?
Napoleon established a government after the coup d'etat. Which ended the French Revolution
What was significant about Waterloo?
Last conquest after the 100 days campaign where he was defeated in Belgium
Why did the National Assembly attack Austria?
Gain land, gold and solidify power
In what way did the French Revolution challenge the influence of the Catholic Church in society?
The Revolution diminished the Church’s power by confiscating Church lands, instituting the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, and promoting secularism, reducing the Church's role in both government and daily life.
What elements of the Ancien Regime did Napoleon bring back?
Nobility, titles, Catholic church
What was the Peninsular campaign
Spain and Portugal attacked France from the west through the Iberian peninsula.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
A document of rights that was created by the national assembly that established natural rights for citizens of France