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What is an absolute monarchy?
a government in which the king or queen has the unchecked authority to do whatever they want without any restrictions
Why did Voltaire write under a pen name?
He could get in trouble for speaking against the French monarchy
What does Reason mean?
the ability of the mind to think clearly and understand; logic
Where did the Enlightenment begin?
Europe
What is the divine right of kings?
the belief that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule, and that rebellion against them is a sin
What is censorship?
the practice of removing or prohibiting books, art, films, or other media that the government finds offensive, immoral, or harmful
What does Philosophy mean?
the study of ideas about knowledge, life, and truth; literally, love of wisdom
What is the Social Contract?
an agreement among individuals in a society and a ruler or government; individuals give up some of their freedoms in exchange for protection by the ruler or government
According to Locke, what are people like at birth?
People develop their ideas through life experiences.
What does it mean if someone is a radical?
favoring large or widespread changes
Which of Montesquieu’s ideas greatly influenced the organization of the U.S. government, as outlined in the Constitution?
A separation of powers will keep any one branch of government from becoming too strong.
What was the Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a time in the 1600s and 1700s in Europe when people began to question old ideas and search for knowledge.
(BONUS)
Which type of government did Thomas Hobbes support?
an absolute monarchy
What was Montesquieu’s purpose in writing The Persian Letters?
to criticize French government and society
Who was known as an American philosophe?
Benjamin Franklin
Newton’s theory of gravity draws what conclusion?
A natural force pulls objects toward Earth. (gravity)
Locke believed that a good government gets its power from what?
The People
How did John Locke feel about England’s Glorious Revolution?
He supported it because it created a stronger Parliament and a bill of rights.
Which of John Locke’s ideas influenced the American patriots’ decision to fight a war for independence from Great Britain?
People should rebel against a government that does not protect their rights
Descartes encouraged people to doubt everything except
Their own existence.
(Bonus)