Background and Spread
Reason
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What is a philosophe?
French Enlightenment Philosopher/thinker
Why does man join society?
To protect his property
What did the Enlightenment seek to get rid of?
Tradition, the past, and religion
What did Newton believe/discover about the natural world that impacted the Enlightenment?
He believed/discovered that the natural world was governed by laws
Where was the Enlightenment centered?
Paris, France
What are two things the state of nature lacks?
Law, judge, power to enforce laws
How did travel literature help spread the Enlightenment and its ideas?
New ideas and worldviews start to come to Europe due to expanding trade and exploration, thus sidelining European views as "just another answer" to the questions of life and not necessarily the right/true answer
What, specifically, did Newton say/believe that connected the ideas of the Scientific Revolution to the Enlightenment?
If nature is ruled by rules, so too must society
What did the Philosophes emphasize?
Action
Right to preserve his and others' lives - law
Right to punish - judge
How did the Reformation lead to the Enlightenment's skepticism?
The Reformation started questioning religious authority, and the Enlightenment questioned the authority of religion
Where does knowledge come from, according to Locke?
It comes from the environment/society
Why did the all want freedom of the press?
Because their ideas were often threatening to those in power and were dangerous to the social order, their ideas were suppressed
What is the State of Nature?
Hypothetical place of man before government and society
Explain how the Scientific Revolution impacted the Enlightenment
"Thought Experiment" - Enlightenment thinkers used practices and principles from the Scientific Revolution and applied them to society - emphasis on reason, provable criteria, scientific method, etc.
Why are people good/bad, according to Locke, and how does that relate to the culture wars today?
Because society imprints upon them so to change people from bad to good, we need to change society
What are salons?
The drawing room(s) of influential people, often women, where social gatherings would take place and the ideas of the day were discussed
What is the social contract?
Implicit agreement between an individual and society where the individual consents to give up rights in exchange for protection