Scientific Revolution
Before the 1500s, what theory about the universe was accepted by most people?
The earth was in the center of the universe. This was supported by the Catholic Church.
John Locke believed that humans have three natural rights...what are they?
-Life
-Liberty
-Property
Which city became the capital of the Enlightenment?
Paris, France
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What is a philosophe?
wrong always
What is the scientific method? (its purpose)
A procedure to test a hypothesis through experimentation.
This Enlightenment philosopher wrote about tolerance, reasoning, and freedom of religion and speech.
Voltaire
Where did people gather to share Enlightenment ideas?
salons
What are the Bill of Rights? (its purpose)
The first 10 amendments to the constitution that protect our basic rights.
What is an enlightened despot?
He discovered...
-The moon has craters
-Jupiter has 4 moons
What idea did Baron de Montesquieu proposed about government?
The government should be separated into branches that share power and that check on each other's power to make sure one doesn't overpower the others.
Which group opposed the spread of the Enlightenment the most? Why?
The church; these ideas encouraged people to think for themselves rather than rely on the church (which would reduce their power)
The ideas in the Declaration of Independence mostly resemble which Enlightenment thinker?
John Locke
This was a movement defined by a major change in European thought in which the study of the natural world was characterized by observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.
The Scientific Revolution
Why was Galileo's life threatened by the Inquisition?
Because Galileo defended Copernicus's theory that the sun was in the center of the universe. This conflicted with church teachings, so they threatened him with death until he took back what he said.
Despite both experiencing the English Civil War, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke came to very different conclusions about the government. How were their views on government different from each other?
-Thomas Hobbes believed that people needed absolute monarchy because they are naturally selfish and will argue for power. It's easier for one person to be in control to prevent war.
-John Locke favored the idea of a democracy. The government is meant to protect our natural rights, and when they don't, we have the right to rebel.
To help Enlightenment ideas spread, Denis Diderot created the...
What is a federal system?
When power is divided between the national and state governments.
What was the Inquisition?
A group of church authority that investigated heresy
Name 3 astronomers from the Scientific Revolution.
-Isaac Newton
-Galileo Galilei
-Johannes Kepler
-Nicolaus CopernicusName 3 out of the 5 core beliefs of ALL Enlightenment philosophers.
Truth could be discovered through reason
Nature is good and reasonable
People deserve to be happy
Humans can make progress
Liberty is a natural right
Before the Enlightenment, architecture had a grand, ornate, and very detailed design. During the Enlightenment, architecture became more _______ and _______. This was called ___________ art.
-simple
-like ancient Greek and Roman art
-neoclassical
Give 3 reasons as to why the Americans won the Revolution against Britain.
(1) Americans were more motivated
(2) the British were too confident
(3) it was fought on American soil
(4) Americans had the help of the French
Thomas Hobbes proposed the idea of the "social contract." What is the social contract?
The agreement by which people limit their individual rights in exchange for law and order.