Enlightenment Thought
This idea says governments get their power from the agreement of the people they govern.
What is Social Contract?
A system where a king or queen shares power with a constitution and elected representatives.
What is Constitutional Monarchy?
This French Enlightenment monarch built and ruled from the lavish Palace of Versailles.
Who is Louis XIV?
This philosopher argued for natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This scientist proposed the heliocentric theory, placing the sun at the center of the solar system.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
A ruler who holds absolute power, often ruling harshly without limits or checks, yet these individuals pushed for reforms.
Who is an Enlightenment Despot?
The belief that a monarch’s authority to rule comes directly from God.
What is Divine Right?
This Russian Enlightenment ruler expanded the Winter Palace and promoted arts and education.
Who is Catherine the Great?
This Enlightenment thinker believed in separation of powers in government.
Who is Montesquieu?
This English scientist developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
Who is Isaac Newton?
This term refers to the ultimate authority of a state to govern itself without outside interference.
What is Sovereignty?
Louis XIV of France is one of the most famous examples of this form of centralized royal power.
What is Absolutism?
Although she ruled before the Enlightenment, this queen's reign strengthened her country, which later became a center of Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke.
Who is Queen Elizabeth I?
This French thinker promoted freedom of speech and religious tolerance through the use of satire.
Who is Voltaire?
This scientist used the scientific method to promote experimentation and observation.
Who is Francis Bacon?
Enlightenment thinkers believed these universal principles of right and wrong could be discovered through reason.
What are Natural Laws?
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke debated this concept as the foundation of legitimate government authority.
What is the Social Contract?
This massive palace complex in France became a symbol of royal absolutism and Enlightenment.
What is the Palace of Versailles?
His Social Contract stated that the authority of a government is derived from the consent of the governed. Citizens obey laws, and in return, the government ensures safety, order, and justice.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
These art stykles were predominent during the Enlightenment.
What are Barqoque, Rococo and Neoclassicism?
This major intellectual movement of the 1500s–1700s used observation and experimentation to challenge traditional beliefs about science and nature.
What is the Scientific Method?
A system of government in which a monarch holds total power over the state.
What is Absolutism?
This ruler is known as an enlightened despot for modernizing Prussia’s military, education, and legal system.
Who is Frederick the Great?
Elizabeth I’s moderate religious policies reflected early ideas of this Enlightenment value promoting acceptance of different beliefs.
What is Religious Tolerance?
As an Enlightenment figure, Benjamin Franklin strongly supported this idea that knowledge should be gained through observation and experimentation.
What is the Scientific Method?