Enlightenment Thinkers
Who believed we are all born with natural rights to life, liberty, and property?
John Lock
Who was the king of France who was a weak leader who had trouble making decisions?
King Louis XVI (16th)
What was the time period of the French Revolution, led by Robespierre, where people were executed if they were against the revolution?
Reign of Terror (Radical Phase)
What inspired Latin American colonies to fight for independence from European countries in the early 1800s?
What is nationalism?
having extreme pride in a devotion to your country; sometimes nationalism can lead to the exclusion of certain groups
Who promoted the separation of powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent the abuse of power?
Baron de Montesquieu
What estate paid all of the taxes and was made up of the middle class (bourgeoisie) and lower class (peasants and urban workers)?
Third Estate
What was the five man assembly that ruled France after the Reign of Terror?
The Directory
What leader led the Haitian Revolution and helped the island nation gain its independence from France in 1804?
Toussaint L'Ouverture
What country had a nationalist movement in the mid 1800s and unified under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck?
Germany
Who believed that the power of the government should come from the citizens (consent of the governed)?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which estates owned most of the land, but paid no taxes?
First Estate (clergy) and Second Estate (nobility)
What was the thing used to behead people in France, including the King and Queen
guillotine
Simon Bolivar
What country had a nationalist movement in the mid 1800s and unified with help of leaders such as Count Camilo di Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and Giuseppe Mazzini?
Italy
Who were the Enlightened reformers who believed in more equality for women and the end of slavery?
Mary Wollstonecraft (equality for women) and William Wilberforce (abolition of slavery)
What building was stormed by the Third Estate for them to gain weapons and fight against the government, starting the French Revolution?
Storming of the Bastille Prison
Who came into power in the end of the French Revolution and took over land through Europe and created a new code of laws in France?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What was Simon Bolivar's nickname?
The Liberator
Which two empires were very diverse and were weakening in the 1800s because different ethnic groups wanted their independence?
Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires
Enlightened Despots
What group was created by the Third Estate to help create a more representative government in the first phase of the French Revolution?
The National Assembly
What feminist writer advocated for women's rights during the French Revolution?
Olympe de Gouges
What places make up Latin America?
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, South America
What was Otto von Bismarck's belief that Germany should invest in military and industry as a way to strengthen the country in the mid to late 1800s?
Blood and Iron