Scientific Revolution
Used a telescope to observe features on the moon and sun; discovered moons of Jupiter; supported the Copernican theory
Gaileo Galilei
A statement of the reasons for the American colonies’ break with Britain, approved by the Second Continental Congress in 1776
Declaration of Independence
18th Century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society
Enlightenment
The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government
Social Contract
Enlightenment philosopher who firmly believed in the ideas of life, liberty, and property
John Locke
In the Middle Ages, the earth-centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe.
Geocentric Theory
Relating to a grand, ornate style that characterized European painting, music, and architecture in the 1600s and early 1700s
Baroque
one of a group of social thinkers in France during the Enlightenment
Philosophes
Measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others
Checks and Balances
Philosopher who believed that all people were naturally selfish and wicked. Believed that people needed a strong government to keep order
Thomas Hobbes
English mathematician and natural philosopher; he discovered the law of gravity as well as laws on the physics of objects
Isaac Newton
Relating to a simple, elegant style (based on ideas and themes from ancient Greece and Rome) that characterized the arts in Europe during the late 1700s
Neoclassical
French jurist and political philosopher; he explored democratic theories of government. He proposed a government divided into three branches and greatly influenced the United States Constitution
Baron de Montesquieu
A belief held by Enlightenment thinkers that truth could be discovered through reason or logical thinking
Rationalism
Czarina of Russia from 1762 to 1796; ruling with absolute power, she introduced a number of reforms that extended Peter the Great’s policy of “westernization
Catherine the Great
A logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world, in which experimentation and observation are used to test hypotheses.
Scientific Method
A social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment
Salons
One 18th-century European monarchs who was inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects
Enlightened Despots
Which philosopher said "I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
Voltaire
Swiss-French political philosopher; he valued the social contract
Jean-Jaques Rousseau
A belief held by many scientists and philosophers during the Enlightenment that God created the universe and then allowed it to run on its own, following natural laws
Deism
A medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord’s estate (The idea was related to Russia during the Enlightenment time period)
Serfdom
What was it that Diderot invented at one of the Salons in France?
Diderots Encyclopedia
Which philosopher said “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains,”
Jean-Jaques Rousseau
British writer who advocated for greater education opportunities for women and urged women to enter the male-dominated fields of medicine and politics
Mary Wallstonecraft