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100
What is Deism?
-Is a belief of nature's god, a god which created the universe, then left it alone -old form of "acceptable" atheism
100
Describe or define reason.
Clear and ordered thinking
100
Who created the scientific method?
Fransic Bacon
100
What ideas from the enlightenment influenced the American and French revolutions?
-Power to the people [social contract] -Have our 3 rights [that kind was violating] -Social contract [Jefferson's second half of congress] -Kind violated our rights
100
What is sociology?
-institutions and the roles they play in our lives -Study of people interacting with each other, society, and institutions
200
What did Montesquieu outline about government, or what did he create regarding government?
-Separation of powers -3 branches, legislative, executive, judicial
200
What were 2 other names for the enlightenment?
-Time of illumination -Age of reason
200
What two men are considered the "Fathers of the Enlightenment"?
Bacon & Descartes
200
How does the General Will express the Social Contract?
-People give government consent to govern them -Laws must reflect general will of the people -Give up freedoms for more privileged lives in return
200
Describe the sociological circumstances that led to the creation of such revolutionary ideas by these intellectual philosophers.
-Monarchy and the circumstances while living under it -Tyrannical, cruel, and unjust treatment, oppression
300
What did Voltaire champion? What did he write regarding freedom of speech? Where can that be found in our Bill Of Rights?
"I may disagree with what you say. But, I will fight to the death for your right to say it. Can be found in 1st amendment of the constitution. State should be separated from church.
300
Define the enlightenment.
An intellectual movement based on the idea that logic and reason can improve society.
300
What is the social contract? Who wrote it?
Rousseau wrote the social contract. It is a contract established between the government and the governed. The people decide to give up their freedoms the the government and in exchange, the government will protect the people. However, if the government is to become destructive in those end, it is not only our right, but our duty to abolish it.
300
Where can we find Montesquieu's ideas...what document?
-Spirit Of Laws [also present in constitution -written by James Madison] -Framework for government
300
What did Newton contribute to society? His laws of...
-calculus -laws of motion -gravity -physical forces
400
What did John Lock do? What are the Lockean natural rights?
-3 natural freedoms [life, liberty, property]
400
Where are Descartes, Rousseau, Voltaire and Montesquieu from?
France
400
What was the general will? Who wrote it?
-created by Rousseau -Decisions created by community to see what is best for their community -Think about community, not yourself -Not what you think, but HOW you think -What is good for the community is also good for the individual -Common good
400
Who is the American Apostle of Reason?
Thomas Jefferson
400
What is meant by virtue in a political state?
-Doing what is morally right and following laws that help ALL people [thus, yourself]
500
What would be the nucleus of the Enlightenment Cell?
Logic & Reason
500
Where are John Locke, Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton from? Where did they go to college?
England, Oxford
500
Reflecting deism, Jefferson says in the Declaration that we are born into what of what? What are we born with?
Born into nature of nature's god. Born with 3 natural rights [life liberty property]
500
How did Enlightenment ideas influence life in English colonial America?
-Rethink how people in society should be glorified
500
What is meant by the love of the republic in a democracy?
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