Ch 1 Vocab
the ability of the mind to think clearly and understand; logic
reason
the gravitational force that occurs between Earth and other bodies; the force acting to pull objects toward Earth
gravity
an agreement among individuals in a society and a ruler or government; individuals give up some of their freedoms in exchange for protection by the ruler or government
social contract
a series of laws that protect the liberties and freedoms of Citizens
bill of rights
a fake name, frequently used by authors
pseudonym
the belief that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule, and that rebellion against them is a sin
“divine right of kings”
a person who specializes in a specific academic subject; an expert
scholar
a government in which the king or queen has the unchecked authority to do whatever they want without any restrictions
absolute monarchy
favoring large or widespread changes
radical
a government in which the power of the king or queen is restricted by a governing body such as Parliament
limited monarchy
the attractive force existing between any two objects that have mass; the force that pulls objects together
gravitation
the study of ideas about knowledge, life, and truth; literally, love of wisdom
philosophy
requiring absolute obedience to a ruler or government; not allowing personal freedom
authoritarian
a system - formed by institutions, organizations, customs, and beliefs - that helps to maintain accepted ways of behaving
social order
the practice of removing or prohibiting books, art, films, or other media that the government finds offensive, immoral, or harmful
censorship
a type of advanced mathematics focused on the study of change
calculus
the original lawmaking branch of the English government that is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons
parliament
rights that all people are born with and that cannot be taken away by the government
natural rights
in the Christian Church, people, such as priests, who carry out religious duties
clergy
a situation in which a disease spreads to many people in an area or region
epidemic
a person who tends to see the worst in a situation or who believes the worst will happen
pessimist
disloyalty to a country by helping an enemy
treason
division of responsibilities among multiple branches of government
separation of powers