Background of the Study
What is the name of the sap-feeding insect pest the study focused on? (Common name, scientific name, whichever you remember)
Scale Insect or Parthenolecanium quercifex
What do you call a prediction about how nature works that can be tested.
Hypothesis
What is the term for a study that only observes patterns without changing anything.
Observational study or surveying
What is the range of conditions where a species can live and reproduce.
A niche
What value tells you whether an effect is likely due to chance.
p-value
What type of habitat did this study take place?
City or urban area
In this kind of explanation, plant quality drives pest numbers.
Bottom up control or bottom up explanation
What is the term for a study where researchers change one factor on purpose.
Manipulative experiment
Insects are what type of animal - whose body temperature depends on the environment.
Ecotherms
What value tells you how big an effect is, not just whether it’s real.
R squared
What is the name for the effect where cities are warmer than nearby rural areas?
Urban heat island effect
What is the term for a possible explanation that is proposed in addition to your main one.
Alternative hypothesis
What is the term for repeating a treatment on many units so results aren’t due to a fluke.
Replication or replicates
What is the term for the number of offspring an organism produces.
Fecundity
Whst is a management action that could cool hot street tree sites.
Adding shade or canopy
Reducing pavement
What is the main pattern the authors wanted to explain?
There are more scale insects on hotter urban trees.
This is the term for the “no effect” hypothesis that researchers try to find evidence against.
Null hypothesis
What is a hidden factor that varies along with the one you’re testing and can mislead you.
A confounding variable
This is the term for the number of individuals of a species per unit area.
Population density
What is the term for a loop where a change causes more of that same change.
Positive feedback loop
What is the type of tree the scale insects were found on in the study, commonly lining Raleigh’s streets.
Willow oak
What are the three alternative hypotheses the study compares.
1. Direct temperature effects
2. Host plant quality
3. Natural enemies
This is the term for a pattern where two things change together, but one doesn’t necessarily cause the other.
Correlation
What is the term for an insect that lays eggs inside or on another insect and kills it.
Parasitoid
What is the term for using natural enemies to control a pest.
Biological control