Watcha Say?
The most common cause of progressive conductive hearing loss in adults
What is otosclerosis?
The most common cause of stridor in infants
Bonus: What demographic is at higher risk of this cause?
What is laryngomalacia?
Bonus: Hispanics and African-Americans
The most common type of hypopharyngeal diverticulum
What is a Zenker's Diverticulum?
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis (What Chandler Group?)
What is group 5?
The management of otosclersosis
What is stapes surgery, hearing aids. CI typically not indicated
2 week old male presenting with episodic stridor that is loud and high pitched, interspersed with periods of normal breathing. On FFL vocal cords adduct on inspiration.Treatment?
What is treating sources of laryngeal hypersensitivity (ex: GERD, PND, Laryngopharyngeal reflux) and SLP and breathing exercises? This is to treat Paradoxical Vocal Cord Motion
This type of cancer accounts for 85-95% of malignant laryngeal tumors
What is SCC?
What is the Fisch Classification System?
https://www.otoscape.com/eponyms/fisch-classification-of-jugulotympanic-paragangliomas.html
The 3 levers required to accomplish impedance matching by the middle ear
What are the catenary lever, ossicular lever, and hydraulic lever?
This anatomical structure divides the primary and secondary palate.
What is the incisive foramen?
An important treatment used for spasmodic dysphonia and other dystonias
What is Botulinum Toxin?
Major Criteria from Bent-Kuhn's..
What are
1. Pathology
2. Eosinophilic Mucin
3. Nasal Polyposis
4. Type 1 HS
5. Scans (CT Findings)
PEN1S (pneumonic) =P
A proprietary tinnitus treatment program that combines features of sound therapy, systematic desensitiatization, directive counseling, and supportive intervention for stress management, sleep disruption, and coping strategies
What is the Acoustic Desensitization Protocol?
This syndrome consists of hemangiomas of infancy associated with ventral clefting, congenital cardiac malformations, intracranial malformations, and ocular abnormalities.
What is PHACES syndrome?
What is the cortex?
Widely use radiographic grading scale for assessing the size of vestibular schwannomas
What is the Koo's Classification?
A 47-year-old patient presents with episodic vertigo triggered by loud sounds and pressure changes. Audiometry demonstrates a low-frequency air–bone gap with preserved acoustic reflexes. High-resolution CT confirms superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD).
Which of the following vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) findings is MOST consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Absent cVEMP responses with normal oVEMP amplitudes bilaterally
B. Elevated cVEMP thresholds with reduced oVEMP amplitudes on the affected side
C. Abnormally low cVEMP thresholds and increased oVEMP amplitudes on the affected side
D. Prolonged cVEMP latencies with normal thresholds and normal oVEMP amplitudes
E. Normal cVEMP thresholds with absent oVEMP responses on the affected side
What is C?
SSCD = “third window” phenomenon
Increases vestibular sensitivity to sound and pressure
cVEMP
Primarily reflects saccular function
Pathway: inferior vestibular nerve → SCM
In SSCD → lower thresholds and often increased amplitudes
oVEMP
Primarily reflects utricle function
Pathway: superior vestibular nerve → contralateral inferior oblique
In SSCD → increased amplitudes on the affected side
A 3-year-old child presents with progressive hoarseness, weak cry, and intermittent stridor. Flexible laryngoscopy demonstrates multiple exophytic, papillomatous lesions involving the true vocal folds and anterior commissure. Biopsy confirms squamous papilloma. The child undergoes repeated microlaryngoscopic debulking but continues to recur every 6–8 weeks.
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding this disease?
A. Infection is most commonly acquired via postnatal respiratory droplet transmission, and HPV vaccination of the child reliably reduces disease severity
B. The HPV subtypes most commonly associated with this condition have a high risk of malignant transformation
C. Earlier age of onset is associated with a more aggressive disease course and increased need for adjuvant therapy
D. Tracheostomy is recommended early in the disease course to reduce distal airway spread
E. Systemic interferon is first-line adjuvant therapy in children with frequent recurrence
What is C
Name these distant primary sites that can metastasize to the larynx.
What are the skin, kidney, breast, lung, prostate, and GI tract?
This classification is used to predict the surgical morbidity in the excision of carotid body tumours
What is Shamblin Classification?
https://www.otoscape.com/eponyms/shamblin-classification.html