Gases
When vaporization occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling.
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.
The change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state.
The conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor.
The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid.
This gives the condition of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid, liquid, or gas (vapor).
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid.
The smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal.
What is a unit cell?
Sublimation occurs in solids with vapor pressures that exceed atmospheric pressure at or near room temperature.
When can sublimation occur?
The particles in gas are considered to be small, hard spheres with an insignificant volume. The motion of the particles in a gas is rapid, constant, and random. All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly elastic.
A solid that lacks an ordered internal structure. Examples of it are Rubber, plastic, and asphalt.
What is an amorphous solid?
Describes the only set of conditions which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another.
In this the particles are arranged in in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern.
During evaporation, only those molecules with a certain minimum kinetic energy can escape from the surface of the liquid.
What is the relationship between evaporation and kinetic energy?
Two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state.
The conditions of pressure and temperature at which two phases exist in equilibrium are indicated on a phase diagram by a line separating two regions representing the phases.
What are the phase conditions of equilibrium in a phase diagram?