21st Century Implications
Historical Context
Life Expectancy
Mental Health
Around The World
100
During what month is World No Tobacco Day? A. January B. March C. May D. September
C. May. May 31st is World No Tobacco Day, which is put on by the World Health Organization each year. This year’s theme is to ban tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. The ultimate goal of No Tobacco Day is to protect present and future generations from the health consequences of smoking, and the social and economic scourges of tobacco use and exposure.This project is driven by the Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI), part of the WHO’s Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health headquarters.
100
On January 11, 1964, Luther L. Terry, of the U.S. Public health services released a report talking about the dangers of cigarette smoking. What was the name of the report? a) Smoking and its impact on health b) Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health. c) Dangers of Smoking d) Smoking: A report on the dangers of Cigarettes
B: On January 11, 1964, Luther L. Terry, M.D., Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service, released the first report of the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. The Advisory Committee concluded that cigarette smoking is— A cause of lung cancer and laryngeal cancer in men, A probable cause of lung cancer in women, and a cause of chronic bronchitis. The release of the report was the first in a series of steps, still being taken more than 40 years later, to diminish the impact of tobacco use on the health of the American people.
100
In what Country are there currently 300 million smokers? A. France B. Sweden C. China D. Russia
C: China. According to the World Health Organization, there are an estimate of more than one billion smokers in the world. Four-fifths of current smokers live in low-or middle income countries.
100
Which of the following statements is not true? A. Patients with schizophrenia smoke at a rate nearly three times that of the general population. B. The common smoking prevalence rate among schizophrenics found in most studies is about 90%. C. It is found to be less common for schizophrenics to smoke cigarette filters and butts because of the low concentration of nicotine. D. It has been observed that schizophrenics smoke almost continuously during the day.
C. is false. Schizophrenics are more likely to be found smoking cigarette filters and discarded butts because they are highly concentrated with nicotine. Cigarette smoking in schizophrenics may be reinforced by improved psychiatric symptoms or cognitive functioning. Studies have found an association between heavy smoking in schizophrenics and higher levels of positive symptoms/decreased negative symptoms. 88% of schizophrenics are smokers
100
Q: What two regions have the greatest amount of death’s attributed to tobacco? A. Americas and Africa B. Africa and Asia C. Europe and Americas D. Asia and Africa
A: C The Americas and Europe both have 16% of deaths attributed tobacco. Globally, 12% of deaths are attributed to tobacco related causes. This is mostly due to the fact that tobacco has been present in these countries for a longer period of time. The World Health Organization has predicted that by 2030, 80% of tobacco related deaths with be in low and middle income countries, if something is not done. Tobacco kills about 6 million people each year. That’s one death approximately every 6 seconds. And up to half of today’s current tobacco users will die of a tobacco related disease.
200
Q: As part of the 2012 anti-smoking campaign Tips From Former Smokers, the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) starting releasing very graphic advertisements displaying the major health consequences of smoking. In Hard-hitting anti-tobacco advertisements and graphic pack warnings, which of the following is true? A. Reduce the number of children who begin smoking. B. Increase the number of smokers trying to quit. C. Are especially effective when visuals are involved. D. All of the above.
D. Studies following this campaign consistently show that people’s awareness the health hazards tobacco use causes highly increases when pictorial warnings are implemented. Anti-smoking campaigns not only prevent future smokers and encourage current smokers to quit, but it also influences the public to protect the non-smokers from the harmful side-effects of tobacco use.
200
How was tobacco first introduced to Europe? A. It grows there. B. Americans sold it to them in the 1700s. C. Explorers like Christopher Columbus brought it back during the Age of Exploration. D. People travelling on the Silk Road through Asia brought it.
C Explorers
200
Which of the following causes the more deaths per year than Tobacco use? A. Suicides and Murders B. HIV C. Alcohol use and illegal drug use D. None of the Above
D. None of the above More deaths (443,000) are caused each year by tobacco use than by all deaths from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined.
200
Q: True or False, Nicotine increases attention? A. True B. False A: True. It facilitates short-term memory and as a result, 60% of adults with ADD are smoker
A: True. It facilitates short-term memory and as a result, 60% of adults with ADD are smoker
200
Q: True or False: In India, is there a correlation between tobacco consumption and television/cinema viewing?
television/cinema viewing? A: True. A study conducted in India surveyed 123,768 women and 74,068 men about their tobacco consumption. Monthly cinema viewing associated with an increased tobacco smoking in women and increased tobacco chewing in men. Daily television viewing and radio use associated with an increased likelihood of tobacco chewing in men and women, whereas daily newspaper use was associated with lower likelihoods of not smoking in men and women. Thus, in India exposure to visual mass media can increase the use of smoking and chewing tobacco while daily newspaper can lower the likelihood of tobacco use.
300
Which area of the world is actively utilizing 21st century preventative methods against smoking the most? A. East Asia B. Latin America C. North America D. Europe E. Africa
B. Latin America Many Latin American countries are publicly trying to drastically reduce smoking. In Brazil, a law passed in 2011 requires that all work and public places to be smoke free, bans tobacco advertising near the sale desk of a store, increases taxes on tobacco products (which is above two-thirds the retail price of the product) , and requires health warnings on both sides of the package. This new law aims at eventually making Brazil a smoke free country. Other surrounding countries have adapted similar preventive milestones into law.
300
2) During what war was the smoking rate the highest in the United States? A) Cold War B) World War I C) Vietnam War D) World War II
D: With the entrance of the United States into World War I in 1918, cigarette use increased dramatically amongst United States military personnel as they were targeted by tobacco companies which touted cigarettes as a way for soldiers to psychologically escape from their current circumstances, boosting overall troop morale. With the rise of World War II, tobacco companies continued to foster this culture of wartime smoking by sending free cigarettes to troops and supporting the inclusion of cigarettes into the soldiers' rations.
300
What is the life expectancy for Japan versus the US? A. lower B. higher C. the same
a: higher. Risk of lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking was substantially higher in the US than in the Japanese males. The formulation of American manufactured cigarettes are more toxic because of the tobacco specific nitrosamines in both tobacco and mainstream smoke. Much wider use of charcoal in the filters are used in Japanese cigarette manufactures. The average age a male smokes in the US is at a much lower age. This may be due to the fact that it has been illegal since the 1900’s to smoke before the age of 20 in Japan.
300
People prone to depression are how much as likely to be smokers? A. Less likely. B. Just as likely. C. Twice as likely. D. Three times as likely.
C. Twice as likely. People prone to depression are twice as likely to be smokers, and are less likely to quit successfully. A study conducted at Duke University recruited participants with symptoms of depression but did not smoke. Each was given either a placebo patch or a nicotine patch. Those that wore a nicotine patch for at least eight days experienced significant symptom relief, indicating that nicotine leads to an improvement in depression symptoms. 90% of smokers will meet criteria for clinical depression
300
Q: In São Paulo, Brazil what factor was found to increase tobacco smoking in adolescents? A. Living in a single parent home B. Lack of religion C. Playing various amounts of school athletics D. At least four hours of television viewing
B. Lack of religion. It was found that lack of religion in a family contributed to adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil to cigarette smoking. Living with parents that smoke, having parents that lack in attention to their adolescents, and adolescents that go out at night with friends often were also factors found to contribute to tobacco smoking.
400
Which of the following novel solutions is a current biological prospect for aiding those with nicotine addiction? A. Banning chain smokers from buying more than a certain quality of cigarettes at a time B. Future consumers must show proof of health insurance in order to buy tobacco products C. Nicotine being synthetically removed from cigarettes before they hit the market D. A vaccine aimed at inhibiting nicotine in the body
D. As public smoking campaigns are working to bring awareness to smoking and tobacco use, researchers at the Weill Cornell Medical School are taking a biological approach by developing a vaccine. The vaccine, currently successful in mice, genetically modifies the liver to produce antibodies that prevent nicotine from arriving to the brain, so it no longer can cause sensation.
400
Which colony was the first to successfully raise tobacco for commercial use? A. North Carolina B. Georgia C. South Carolina D. Virginia
D virginia
400
How many years of Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy loss does smoking contribute to smokers? A. 5 years. B. 7 years. C. 9 years. D. 11 years.
D. Smoking contributes 11 years of QALE loss for smokers. 4.1 (37%) of these years is from a decrease in Health-Related Quality of Life alone.
400
Q: People who do NOT smoke are how likely to get Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s compared to smokers? A: Half as likely B: More likely C: Twice as likely D. ¼ as likely
Answer: C Twice as likely. Nicotine stimulates the neurotransmitter dopamine and the dopaminergic system increasing dopamine compared to acetylcholine. In Parkinson’s patients, the dopaminergic system is damaged and helped by nicotine. Note: It is the nicotine, not the actual smoking that helps.
400
What percentage of the world’s population aged 15+ are smokers? A. 6% B. 17% C. 22% D. 38%
C. 22% That means there are over 1 billion smokers on the planet. Although tobacco use has decreased in many high-income and upper middle-income countries, overall, consumption of tobacco products as increased.
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