Learning
Memory
Cognition
Random 1
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100
A researcher who uses a Skinner box to study behavior is probably studying a. respondent learning. b. operant conditioning. c. observational conditioning. d. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
100
The greatest difference between computers and the human mind is the mind's ability to a. experience consciousness. c. retrieve memories. b. store memories. d. encode information.
a. experience consciousness.
100
Herb is reading about colleges and trying to decide which one is best for him. In psychological terms, Herb is a. memorizing. b. rehearsing. c. thinking. d. dreaming.
c. thinking.
100
Thinking is defined in the textbook as the a. use of knowledge to accomplish some sort of goal. b. unconscious processing of mental symbols. c. process involved in solving problems. d. discovering the relationships between concepts and theories.
a. use of knowledge to accomplish some sort of goal.
100
Maintenance rehearsal describes the a. attempt to remember something by repeating it over and over. b. process of keeping something in memory by changing its form or structure. c. attempt to keep memory skills strong by engaging in simple memory tests. d. process of creating a mental image of something in order to remember it.
a. attempt to remember something by repeating it over and over.
200
Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning through his research on a. digestion. b. dishabituation. c. audition. d. mental illness.
a. digestion.
200
The process that determines which memory information gets transferred from sensory memory to short-term memory is a. transduction. b. attention. c. bottom-up processing. d. capitulation.
b. attention.
200
Which of the following is not a heuristic? a. Rule of thumb b. Guessing c. Trial and error d. All of these choices are heuristics
d. All of these choices are heuristics
200
Nature is to Nurture as ____ is to ____. a. identical twin; fraternal twin b. DNA; chromosomes c. heredity; environment d. experience; learning
c. heredity; environment
200
In Pavlov's original studies, the unconditioned stimulus was: a. the food. b. salivation. c. the buzzer. d. digestion.
a. the food.
300
After "Little Albert" was conditioned to fear a white rat, he began to fear several other furry things. This is an example of a. spontaneous recovery. b. stimulus generalization. c. stimulus discrimination. d. latent learning.
b. stimulus generalization
300
In the three stages model of memory, the briefest stage of memory is a. sensory memory. c. long-term memory. b. short-term memory. d. semantic memory.
a. sensory memory
300
Which of the following is false about insight? a. Insight is problem-solving without any effort or deep thinking. b. Insight is sometimes referred to as an "A-ha!" experience. c. Insight usually requires knowledge. d. Insight can sometimes appear to occur suddenly.
a. Insight is problem-solving without any effort or deep thinking.
300
When we are conscious of a memory, the memory is most likely in a. explicit memory. c. iconic memory. b. long-term memory. d. short-term memory.
d. short-term memory.
300
Which of the following is most likely to interfere with creativity? a. Natural concepts b. Functional fixedness c. Divergent thinking d. Inductive reasoning
b. Functional fixedness
400
When treating alcoholism with aversion therapy, the drug called Antabuse is used as the a. conditioned stimulus. b. unconditioned response. c. unconditioned stimulus. d. neutral stimulus.
c. unconditioned stimulus.
400
A person who routinely forgets how he began a long sentence may be suffering from ____ amnesia. a. anterograde b. retrograde c. posterior d. anterior
a. anterograde
400
A researcher who administers a new version of the SAT and then compares their test results to the grades they earn in undergraduate school is most likely trying to determine the test’s: a. reliability b. significance c. validity d. dependability
c. validity
400
Psychologists who believe that humans have a language acquisition device also tend to believe that a. learning language is a natural result of human problem-solving. b. all languages are programmed into human genes, and the language we are exposed to determines which genes get activated. c. humans are born with an innate knowledge of the syntax of language. d. language is primarily the result of nurture.
c. humans are born with an innate knowledge of the syntax of language.
400
In the newer model of memory that incorporates the concept of working memory, ____ is a part of ____, which is a part of ____. a. working memory; long-term memory; short-term memory b. long-term memory; short-term memory; working memory c. working memory; short-term memory; long-term memory d. short-term memory; working memory; long-term memory
d. short-term memory; working memory; long-term memory
500
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning? a. Going to work to earn money b. Wearing an outfit you saw in a fashion magazine c. Feeling happy when you smell your grandmother's perfume d. Complimenting the interviewer at a job interview to help your chances of getting the position
c. Feeling happy when you smell your grandmother's perfume
500
Based on the memory research of Elizabeth Loftus, who showed videotapes of car accidents and then asked the viewers questions about what they saw, a. eyewitnesses should consult with other eyewitnesses in order to create more accurate memories. b. questions asked of eyewitnesses should take place several days after the event so as not to distort the memory. c. accident scene investigators should be careful about the kinds of questions and the words they use when questioning eyewitnesses. d. all of these choices
c. accident scene investigators should be careful about the kinds of questions and the words they use when
500
When you go to the store in search of a particular brand or style of shoes, you are searching most directly within a a. superordinate category. b. mid-level category. c. subordinate category. d. basic level category.
c. subordinate category.
500
Using the bookshelf analogy to explain the capacity of short-term memory, when you use chunking to increase that capacity, a. the size of the bookshelf is actually changed. b. you are able to pack a virtually unlimited number of items into larger chunks or "books." c. you are not actually changing the size of the bookshelf. d. you are changing the length of the shelf but not the depth of the shelf.
c. you are not actually changing the size of the bookshelf.
500
In contrast to prototypes, exemplars are a. abstract. b. not accurate. c. real. d. complex.
c. real.
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