I. Darwin's Five Principles of Natural Selection
II. Types of Natural Selection
III. Scientific Theories
IV. Common Ancestry, Common Descent
V. Miscellaneous
100
An example would be the thousands of eggs frogs lay at one time. I/100 http://epod.typepad.com/.a/6a0105371bb32c970b0120a50937b1970b-750wi
What is overproduction?
100
The graph shows a type of natural selection. II/100 http://img.sparknotes.com/figures/A/a3aa6bb95c7d70781cc0089d17f9160f/direct.gif
What is directional selection?
100
A statement about how two measurements are related; usually a mathematical formula (def)
What is a scientific law?
100
All of Earth’s organisms, including humans, are descended from ancestors we have in common (def) IV/100 http://readingevolution.com/images/common_ancestry.jpg
What is the definition of common descent?
100
Humans control the outcome of genetic selection in a population (def)
What is the definition of artificial selection?
200
200 The reason that differential survival occurs among members of the same species
What is variation?
200
Type of selection that has occurred on human newborns. If their birth weight is too much above or below the average, high mortality occurs
What is stabilizing selection?
200
A well-documented and thoroughly supported explanation for how something in the natural world takes place (def)
What is the definition of scientific theory?
200
Structure or trait that has lost most or all of its original function in a given species (def)
What is the definition of vestigial structure?
200
This location is significant to our understanding of Natural Selection V/200 http://www.geographicguide.com/pictures/maps/galapagos-islands.jpg
What are the islands where Darwin first started to formulate his theory of Evolution (Galapagos)
300
One survives, two don’t. I/300 ½ -way down the page: http://www.ck12.org/user:JudyG/section/Genetic-Change-in-Populations/
What is differential survival?
300
Type of selection that occurs when a catastrophe occurs, such as the “Purple Plague” II/300 http://www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/nats104/00lect12Select01.html0
What is disruptive selection?
300
The collection of facts, laws and tested hypotheses that explain how the Earth’s climate works (ex)
What is an example of a scientific theory?
300
Three examples of vestigial structures in humans
What are wisdom teeth, plica semilunaris (nictitating membrane), appendix, coccyx, goose bumps
300
Having a higher ‘score’ than the others you compete against will increase your chances for survival. V/300 http://www.mbedard.com/ProdImages/Survival.jpg
What is fitness?
400
The principle that ensures that favorable traits are passed to the next generation
What is inheritance (genetic)
400
The two types of selection shown by this artificial selection activity II/400 http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/486/498193/CDA1_1/CDA1_1a/CDA1_1a.htm
What are directional selection and stabilizing selection?
400
Hypothesis: a testable statement that is part of a scientific experiment, whose conclusion may become part of a scientific theory Scientific Theory: the combined power of facts, laws, tested hypothesis and years of study that are an explanation for a complex scientific phenomenon
What is the difference between a scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory?
400
The molecular evidence that all living things on Earth have an ancestor in common
What is DNA?
400
A change in this could, in turn, change an unfavorable trait into a favorable one
What is the environment?
500
After studying the work of Lyell the geologist, Darwin became confident that there was enough of this for evolution by natural selection to take place.
What is time (as in, enough)?
500
The type of selection most likely, over time, to produce two species where only one used to exist
What is disruptive selection?
500
Darwin developed the theory of Evolution by Natural Selection – and his five principles of natural selection - by considering these experiences from his own life, and the scientific work of these others.
What are *participation in artificial selection while growing up on a working farm *Time: Old Earth; Lyell, the geologist, had concluded that the Earth was much older than 6,000 years old *Overproduction: Malthus wrote about overpopulation by humans, realizing that there are many more offspring produced than can possibly survive to grow up and reproduce *Inheritance: Though Lamarck was wrong about how traits are passed on from generation to generation, he did understand that there was a mechanism for those traits to be passed from parent to offspring
500
How a vestigial structure could be used to identify a common ancestor between two species (2 minutes to answer; answer is an explanation, not a question. Provide an example)
The second species may still have the structure, which is still working (i.e., some mammals have a nictitating membrane; most birds' wings are used for flight except for a few flightless species).
500
*Evolution results in progress. *NS acts for the good of the species. *NS produces organisms perfectly suited to their environments. *Individual organisms evolve. *NS gives organisms what they need. *NS involves organisms that are trying to adapt.
What are false statements about Natural Selection?
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