APA Stats Abbreviations
Expressing Your Stats
Between-Subjects Experimental Designs
Within-Subjects Experimental Designs
Name that Design
100

Mdn

What is the median?

100

Number of decimal places for reporting r-values and F-ratios.

What is two?

100

Personal characteristics that can differ from one participant to another. Can be the source of assignment bias.

What are individual differences?

100

Another name for within-subject design.

What is repeated-measures design?

100

Scores are obtained from two groups of participants

What is a between-subjects design?

200

SD

What is the standard deviation?

200

The type of score which expresses the difference of a score from the mean in units of standard deviation.

What is a z-score

200

A type of random assignment in which limitations result in equal group size.

What is restricted random assignment?

200

An advantage of removing individual differences found in between-subjects design.

What is increased power to detect an effect?

200

You follow the same cohort of students for 30 years.

What is a longitudinal design?

300

CI

What is confidence interval?

300

Cohen's d is an expression of this important measure of magnitude of changes resulting from a treatment.

What is the effect size?

300

A threat to the internal validity of a between-subjects design occurring when more people leave one group than another.

What is differential attrition?

300

Changes in behavior caused by lingering effects of a previous treatment.

What are order (including carryover) effects?

300

This design requires a series of observations for each participant before and after a treatment or event.

What is a time-series design?

400

df

What are degrees of freedom?

400

A graph of ordinal or ratio data in which adjacent, touching, vertical bars express the frequency for that category.

What is a histogram?

400

An extraneous variable which varies systematically with the IV, complicating assertions regarding causality.

What is a confounding variable?

400

A process for changing the order in which treatments are administered from one participant to another.

What is counterbalancing?

400

You measure computer literacy of 20, 30, 40, and 50 year olds at one time.

What is a cross-sectional developmental design?

500

ANOVA

What is Analysis of Variance?"

500

The category of effect size associated with an r value of .78

What is a large effect?

500

Type of groups which exist when each has been created and treated equally, and composed of equivalent individuals.

What are equivalent groups?

500

A within subjects design in which individuals in groups are selected and assigned based on a variable that is relevant to the research and may otherwise become a confounding variable.

What is a matched-subjects design?

500

O X O

What is a pretest-posttest design?

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