CR Entry/Angulation
Part/Patient Position
Pathologies
Best Demonstrates
Miscellaneous
100
What is the CR entry for an AP T-spine?
Perpendicular between jugular notch and xiphoid process
100
How is a patient obliqued for an AP axial oblique C-spine?
45 degree posterior oblique
100
What is Spina Bifida?
Failure of the posterior encasement of the spinal cord to close
100
What do the lateral c-spine hyperextension/hyperflexion views best demonstrate?
The absence of normal movement from trauma or disease
100
What are the functions of the vertebral column?
To enclose and protect the spinal cord, support the trunk and skull, and provide muscle attachment
200
What is the CR entry/angle for an AP axial C-spine?
15-20 degrees cephalad, entering at T4
200
When performing a lateral projection of the T-spine, should the patient be positioned into a left lateral or a right lateral, and why?
Left lateral, to reduce magnification and so the heart is not overlapping over the spine
200
What is HNP?
Rupture or prolapse of the nucleus pulposus into the spinal cord
200
What does the AP Dens (Fuchs) best demonstrate?
The dens within the foramen magnum
200
Name the curve for each of the vertebral segment
Cervical=lordotic, thoracic=kyphotic, lumbar=lordotic, sacrum=kyphotic, coccyx=lordotic
300
What is the CR entry/angulation for a Lateral Cervicothoracic Swimmer's view if the shoulders cannot be depressed?
3-5 caudad, entering at C7, T1 interspace
300
How should a patient's legs be positioned when performing an AP L-spine, and why?
Flex the hips and knees to place the back closer to the table, and to reduce lordosis
300
What is Spondyloisthesis?
Forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower vertebra, usually L5-S1
300
What does a lateral T-spine best demonstrate?
Intervertebral foramina
300
The vertebral arch is formed by what?
Two pedicles and two laminae
400
What is the CR entry/angle for an AP coccyx?
10 degrees caudad, entering 2" superior to pubic symphysis
400
How is the patient obliqued for an AP oblique L-spine?
A 30-60 degree oblique is performed, typically a 45 degree posterior oblique
400
What is a Jefferson fracture?
Comminuted fracture of the ring of C1
400
What does the AP oblique l-spine best demonstrate?
Zygapophyseal joints of L3-L4, and L4-L5
400
What is the nucleus pulposus?
The central, soft mass
500
What is the CR entry/angulation for a lateral L5/S1 if the spine is not horizontal?
5 degrees caudad (for males) or 8 degrees caudad (for females), entering 2" posterior to the ASIS and 1.5" inferior to the iliac crest
500
When performing a lateral c-spine hyperflexion, how should the patient position their chin?
The patient should place their chin as close to their chest as possible
500
What is Spondylolysis?
Breaking down of the vertebra
500
When doing AP oblique SI joints, which side is best demonstrated?
The SI farther away from the IR
500
What makes up the "scottie dog"?
Superior articulating process, transverse process, pedicle, pars interarticularis, lamina, and inferior articulating process
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