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General

100

A quarter of Canadians were unemployed, homeless, and jobless.

What fraction of Canadians were unemployed by 1933?

200

In order to receive a pogey, people had to wait in line for hours. They then had to publicly declare financial failure, and all they received was a food voucher. If you owned a house or any valuables, you weren’t eligible.

What were the disadvantages of the ‘pogey’?

300

These young, homeless and jobless men would travel across the country on freight trains, in search of work. They would spend a couple days in a shanty town, a ‘Jungle’, in the middle of a city. Once they had used up their welcome, they would hop another train with others of their kind, riding on the roof or on the rods beneath the train.

What was life like for those who ‘Rode the Rods’?

400

-He gave $20 million to provinces for work-creation programs -He put higher taxes on imported goods so that people buy cheaper Canadian products -He introduced the ‘New Deal’; a plan to help people in need -He created federal work camps

How did Prime Minister Bennett attempt to help the Canadian economy?

500

Because the economy of the 1920s improved, there was an increase in production. Too many items were produced for the amount of consumers. This meant that many items went unsold. Businesses responded to this by slowing production, therefore laying off workers. These now jobless people had less money to spend, therefore less and less products were sold. The economy suffered greatly with no consumers able to afford its products.

Explain how overproduction was a factor of the Great Depression.

The Prairies

100

The ‘Palliser Triangle’ represented the southern area of Alberta and Saskatchewan.

What was the name of the hardest hit area of the Prairies and where was it located?

400

-The collapse of the wheat market made it almost impossible for farmers to earn a profit -The ‘Dust Bowl’ blew millions of hectares of fertile soil away -The 8 year drought halted agricultural production -The plague of grasshoppers ate and destroyed everything in their way, including crops and machines

The Prairies were hit very hard with the Depression. Name and briefly explain three reasons for which the economy in the Prairies suffered.

Causes

500

Stock markets were seen as a fast and easy way to become rich. Loans were easy to obtain, so lots of people were buying stocks. The prices went very high. This meant that selling your stocks would earn you a very big profit. Investors began to sell their stocks, and many people followed suit. Stock prices plummeted, and investors panicked, selling all of their stocks. On Tuesday October 29, 1929, the New York Stock Market collapsed, followed by those of Montreal and Toronto. People who had taken out loans immediately went bankrupt. This was the beginning of the Depression.

Explain the causes and consequences of the Stock Market Crash.

Political Aspect

100

It was founded in 1932 in the west of Canada.

When and where was the CCF founded?

200

Canadians began to pay attention to the emergence of new political parties such as the CCF, the Social Credit party, and the Union Nationale. These groups had new radical ideas when the traditional parties’ ideas were growing old and unsuccessful.

Once they had realized that the traditional political parties weren’t able to ease the crisis, who did Canadians turn to and why?

400

Canadians were desperate for the federal government to do something to ease the economic crisis. In response to this, Liberal Prime Minister King made a ‘Five Cent Speech’, stating that social welfare is the responsibility of the provinces. This convinced Canadians that he didn’t care about their well-being, so they elected a Conservative government.

Why did the Canadian public vote Conservative in 1930?

Implications of the Federal Govt.

100

It was put in to place to help farmers build irrigation systems and reservoirs during and after the drought.

What was the goal of the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration?

200

Unlike newly re-elected Prime Minister King, they thought that it would be necessary for the federal government to spend a lot of money to job creation programs.

What was the opinion of the National Employment Commission regarding ways to end the economic crisis?

400

Men working in Bennett’s work camps led by the Relief Camp Workers Union decided to march into Ottawa to protest the terrible conditions in the camps. They were stopped in Regina, but the leaders went on to discuss their cause with the Prime Minister. Having received no help or sympathy, they returned to Regina where a violent riot broke out causing many injuries and arrests.

Who participated in the ‘On to Ottawa’ trek and what did they do?