Causes of Crime
Criminological approaches and perspectives
Responding to Crime
Moving Out of Crime
All God's Children
100
The theory based on the idea that the ties that bind people to society, including relationships with friends, family, neighbors, teachers, and employers. The elements of these ties include commitment, attachment, involvement, and belief.
What is social bond theory?
100
This phenomenon refers to the current American experiment in incarceration, which is defined by comparatively and historically extreme rates of imprisonment and by the concentration of imprisonment among young, African American men living in neighborhoods of concentrated disadvantage.
What is mass incarceration?
100
Based on the idea that crime can be discouraged through the public’s fear of the punishment they may receive if they break the law.
What is deterrence?
100
This theory highlights social reaction and suggests that crime may be heightened by criminal sanctions.
What is labelling theory?
100
The author of 'All God's Children.'
Who is Fox Butterfield?
200
The view that people commit crime when their social learning leads them to perceive more definitions favoring crime than favoring conventional behavior.
What is differential association?
200
Extends a definition of crime to include social conditions, social arrangements, or actions of intent or indifference that interfere with the fulfillment of fundamental needs and obstruct the spontaneous unfolding of human potential.
What is social harm?
200
This has been described as the "recognition of the right to govern," and it has consequences for people's decisions to obey the law.
What is legitimacy?
200
According to Laub and Sampson, the life events that alter the development of a criminal career.
What are turning points?
200
We all thought that Butch was doing this, which is a term for ceasing offending, when he was incarcerated and in college.
What is desisting?
300
The view that a lack of norms or standards results when socially defined goals (such as wealth and power) are universally mandated but access to legitimate means (such as education and job opportunities) is stratified by class and status.
What is anomie theory?
300
The early criminologist Lombroso embraced ideas about 'born criminals' in which he claimed that offenders had different physical traits than non-offenders. This is a term associated with this school of thought.
What is biological determinism?
300
This is a school of thought which creates interventions based on the idea that before choosing to commit a crime, offenders evaluate the costs and benefits of a contemplated criminal act, and that their choice is structured by their fear of punishment.
What is rational choice theory?
300
Positive, life-sustaining relations with individuals and institutions.
What is social capital?
300
The names of Willie's paternal grandfather and great-grandfather.
Who are Pud and Aaron?
400
This is the view that human behavior is associated with interpersonal conflict and those who maintain social power will use it to further their own ends.
What is conflict theory?
400
This is the approach to thinking about crime that is rooted in using the scientific method, empirical verification, and objectivity.
What is positivism?
400
This is the name of a prison design which is allows a watchman to observe all inmates of an institution without them being able to tell whether or not they are being watched.
What is a panopticon?
400
The phenomenon that may be used to describe the culture of dueling in the American South that is described in the book.
What is the culture of honor?
500
The ability to form an emotional bond to another person, which is an important aspect of someone's mental health over the life span.
What is attachment theory?
500
The branch of criminology that holds that the cause of crime can be linked to economic, social, and political disparity. Some groups in society, particularly the working class and ethnic minorities, are seen as the most likely to suffer oppressive social relations based on class conflict and racism and hence to be more prone to criminal behavior.
What is critical criminology?
500
The idea that social control can be exerted by cohesive communities and based on mutual trust, including intervention in the supervision of children and maintenance of public order.
What is collective efficacy?
500
The name of the law in New York that was enacted in response to Willie's crimes and the year that it was enacted.
What is the Juvenile Offender law; 1978.
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