Behavioral Propositions
Emotions and Exchange
Emerson
Science
Homans
100
For all actions taken by persons, the more often a particular action of a person is rewarded, the more likely the person is to perform that action.
What is the success proposition.
100
These are changes in physiological, experiential and behavioral systems that result from an organism appraising a situation as either a challenge or an opportunity.
What are emotions.
100
According to Emerson, a major problem with sociological theories of power is that they see power as an attribute of individuals. Instead, Emerson sees power as a property of these.
What is social relationships.
100
The 3 levels in the structure of the social world.
What is the macro, meso and micro levels.
100
Homans adopted propositions from this field.
What is behaviorism.
200
If in the past the occurrence of a particular stimulus, or set of stimuli, has been the occasion on which a person’s actions has been rewarded, then the more similar the present stimuli are to the past ones, the more likely the person is to perform the action, or some similar action, now.
What is the stimulus proposition.
200
This theory specifies that under conditions of equal power, repeated exchanges generate positive emotions, which in turn generate relational cohesion.
What is the theory of relational cohesion.
200
Emerson was highly influenced by this classical sociological theorist's definition of power.
Who is Max Weber.
200
When we attempt theories we do not try to prove them correct, we try to determine whether or not they are wrong. The process of testing a theory to determine whether or not it is wrong is known as...
What is falsification.
200
Homans thought scientific explanation should follow this type of model.
What is the covering law model of scientific explanation.
300
The more valuable to a person is the result of his action, the more likely he is to perform the action.
What is the value proposition.
300
According to Lawler, this type of exchange structure has the least potential for creating social commitments.
What is generalized exchange.
300
When an actor is able to get greater rewards from an exchange partner at lower and lower costs, Emerson calls this...
What is Power Use
300
The operation of these shape the structure of the social world.
What is dynamic forces.
300
A = pV
What is the rationality proposition.
400
The more often in the recent past a person has received a particular reward, the less valuable any further unit of that reward becomes for him.
What is the deprivation-satiation proposition.
400
According to Lawler, this type of exchange structure has the most potential generating social commitments.
What is productive exchange.
400
When two actors are highly dependent on each other for receiving valued rewards, Emerson says this relationship is high in this.
What is average power.
400
This process corrects for the biases of individual scientists.
What is replication.
400
Although Homans rejected attitudes in favor of actions, he uses the idea of expectations in this proposition.
What is the aggression-approval proposition.
500
In choosing between alternative actions, a person will choose that one for which, as perceived by him at the time, the value (V) of the result multiplied by the probability (p) of getting the result, is greater.
What is the rationality proposition.
500
Lawler combines the affect theory of social exchange with this theory to explain why people form commitments to status stratified 'microsocial' orders.
What is expectation states theory.
500
According to Emerson, dependence is influenced by these two properties.
What are alternative sources of specific rewards and what is the value of specific rewards.
500
Using abstract theories to explain empirical regularities is known as this type of scientific explanation (hint: this was also the style of explanation preferred by Homans)
What is the covering law model of scientific explanation.
500
Homans rejected this traditional sociological idea.
What is emergence.
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