Atoms
Water
Carbon Compounds
Enzymes
Review
100
What is an atom?
The basic unit of matter.
100
What is adhesion and cohesion? Give an example of each.
Adhesion is the attraction of molecules of a different substance (cotton and water). Cohesion is the attraction of molecules of the same substance (water molecules).
100
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does a carbon atom have?
6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons
100
Daily Double! What is an Enzyme?
A biological catalyst.
100
What attributes must you include when writing a "research and explore" prompt?
Explore: Explain WHAT information you need Research: Explain HOW you will get that information
200
List all subatomic particles including their charges and masses
Proton (+, 1 amu), Neutron (+/-, 1 amu), and Electron (-, .0005 amu)
200
Daily Double! What property of water allows the water to create a "skin?"
Cohesion between water molecules due to polarity.
200
Why do we study organic chemistry (chemistry of carbon compounds)?
Because Carbon is one of the most abundant elements on earth and is present in ALL living things.
200
In a chemical reaction the _______ bind to the enzyme to create a ________
reactants/substrates, product
200
Why is it important to have multiple trials in a controlled experiment?
To make the data more reliable.
300
Daily Double! Explain how C-14 dating works, including the structure of the atom itself
C-14 has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 8 neutrons. It decays to Nitrogen in a fixed amount of time. The percentage of C-14 in a deceased organism can determine when the organism died based upon the concentration of C-14 still present.
300
Why is water called the "universal solvent?" Explain in terms of its molecular structure.
Water is a polar molecule, whereby the Oxygen is slightly negative, and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive. This attracts other compounds, thus dissolving them.
300
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
300
What environmental factors influence the rate at which enzymes work?
Temperature and pH
300
What is the difference between a controlled experiment and a field study?
A field study takes place in nature, where environmental conditions need to be recorded.
400
What is the difference between an atom, element, and compound.
An atom is the smallest particle of matter, an element is the purest form of matter, and a compound contains 2 or more atoms of an element.
400
List all the parts of a solution involving water and kool-aid.
Water is the solvent, and the kool-aid is the solute
400
Daily Double! What are the main atoms in Carbohydrates and Lipids? What is the difference between them?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. Lipids have a carbon skeleton whereas carbohydrates do not.
400
What does "denatured" mean, regarding enzymes?
A protein binds to its activation site, which blocks substrates from entering.
400
What are all of the variables needed in a controlled experiment? Define each.
Controlled (stays the same), manipulated/independent (something that is changed), responding/dependent (what responds to the change/ data collected).
500
Why do atoms bond? What types of bonds are there?
They bond to fill their outermost energy level with 8 electrons. They may have ionic (electrons are transferred) or covalent (electrons are shared) bonds.
500
What types of ions are present in Acids and Bases? What are buffers? Give an example.
Bases contain excess OH- ions, and Acids contain excess H+ ions. Buffers are weak acids/bases that counteract stronger acids/bases. Example: taking antacid tablets.
500
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base
500
Why is it important for an enzyme to bind to only ONE type of substrate? Why is it important that the enzyme not get destroyed by the reaction?
Because they are substrate-specific so that each enzyme can only affect one type of molecule. The enzyme does not get destroyed, so it can be reused.
500
Daily Double! You did an experiment to determine the affect of temperature on the rate of enzyme action. The averages for your data is as follows: 50 degrees = 1000 reactions per second, 100 degrees = 5000 reactions per second, 150 degrees 500 reactions per minute. Create a conclusion to answer the following: How does temperature affect the rate of enzyme reactions?
1) Answer the question 2) reference data 3) explain how data supports the conclusion 4) provide a scientific explanation for the trend
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