During this stage, adolescents must find out who they are, what they value, and a direction for their lives.
What is identity vs. role confusion?
100
This is the ability to react to another person's distress.
What is empathy?
100
Hopelessness, self-blame, and suicidal ideation are characteristics of these types of emotional disorders.
What are depressive disorders?
100
One's sense of identity concerning racial group membership is known as this.
What is ethnic identity?
100
Mainstream society's portrayal of African Americans as intellectually inferior is an example of this.
What is a stereotype?
200
During this stage, children must develop a sense of purpose and direction as their social world expands. They are asked to assume more responsibility for their actions.
What is initiative vs. guilt?
200
This term is used to refer to the close, affective relationship formed between a child and one or more caregivers.
What is attachment?
200
Approximately two-thirds of children with emotional or behavior disorders have difficulties in these areas.
What are academic areas?
200
The collection of beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and ideas people have about themselves is known as this.
What is self-concept?
200
This type of motivation arises from internal sources such as curiosity, interest, enjoyment, and innate strivings for mastery and growth.
What is intrinsic motivation?
300
During this stage, children must develop a basic sense of trust or confidence that their world is predictable and safe.
What is trust vs. mistrust?
300
The understanding, expression, and regulation of emotions is known as this.
What is emotional competence?
300
While anxiety and depressive disorders are internalizing disorders, conduct disorders and oppositional defiant disorders are these types of disorders.
What are externalizing disorders?
300
This is the process by which children learn the attitudes and behavior that society defines as appropriate for their gender.
What is gender-role socialization?
300
Students who believe that their ability level is fixed and cannot be improved through practice or effort have this theory of ability.
What is an entity theory of ability?
400
During this stage, young adults must form intimate relationships with others.
What is intimacy vs. isolation?
400
These four dimensions of early temperament are likely to endure into adulthood, according to Arnold Buss and Robert Plomin.
What are emotionality, activity, sociability, and impulsivity?
400
These types of behavioral disorders are characterized by overt aggression or disruptive behavior.
What are conduct disorders?
400
Our evaluation of our traits, abilities, and characteristics is known as this.
What is self-esteem?
400
People's judgment of their ability to perform a task given the skills they possess and the circumstances they face is known as this.
What is self-efficacy?
500
During this stage, children must develop a capacity to work and cooperate with others as they enter school.
What is industry vs. inferiority?
500
This is the process of incorporating facial cues into response sequences.
What is social referencing?
500
Overestimating the severity of a feared event might be a trait of somebody with this type of disorder.
What is anxiety disorder?
500
Constructed on the basis of social experiences, this is the set of desired characteristics that adolescents compare to their real selves.
What is the ideal self?
500
When the benefits of learning are emphasized, students demonstrate this type of learning pattern.