Reading
Working with Sources
Structure and Organization
Rhetorical Awareness
Grab Bag
100
What is reading "with the grain"?
When one actively attempts to think along the lines of the author they are reading. They try to find reasons to believe the author and understand the author's perspective.
100
Identify the citation mistake in the following quote: Sontag argues that "....and something else." (200)
The period should be after the parentheses instead of before the quotation mark.
100
What is the opposite of the "Mountain of Abstraction"?
The "Sea of Details"
100
What is a representative example? Does Zipes use a respresentative example? Explain your answer.
A representative example is an extended example that an author returns to throughout their essay to make a claim about a more general topic. Zipes does not use a representative example. In his essay, he uses three extended examples.
100
Choose one kind of Authoritative "I" and define it.
Personal "I" - draws from personal perspectives and experiences. Socio-cultural "I" - draws from membership in or knowledge about social or cultural groups. Scholarly "I" - draws from scholarly knowledge or scholarly authorities. Rhetorical I" - draws from knowledge of audience and writing purpose to effectively use genre conventions and expectations.
200
What is reading that is ratification?
Reading that lines up with ones already held beliefs, values, and ideas.
200
How do you refer to a source author in academic writing?
You use their full name when you introduce them and their last name every time after that.
200
What is the difference between deductive and inductive inquiry? Which style of writing more prominently involves a thesis?
Inductive inquiry begins with specifics (details, observations or data) and moves toward the general (ideas, theories, abstractions). Inductive goes from evidence toward making claims about that evidence. Deductive inquiry moves from the general toward the more specific, making claims and then providing evidence for them. A thesis is often more prominent in a deductive essay.
200
What is ethos?
When a writer is concerned with ethos, they are concerned with appealing to their audience by building credibility and authority. They emphasize their own experience, perspective, and knowledge.
200
What kind of development (vertical or horizontal) am I developing if I am working on an Idea Path?
Horizontal
300
What is reading "against the gran"?
When one actively attempt to disprove or complicate the ideas of the author they are reading.
300
Why is Part 3 - Understand an important step in the citation package?
Because quotes don't speak for themselves. That is, not every reader will understand a quote in the same way. You need to demonstrate your own understanding of a quote to clearly relate it to your ideas.
300
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical development?
Horizontal development moves from point to point while vertical development goes in depth with each point.
300
What is the relationship between tone and attitude?
Attitude is the way an author feels toward their audience or their subject while tone is now they present themselves. An author may present themselves with a certain tone in their writing while having a completely different attitude. If writers are not careful, their attitude can seep into their writing and effect their tone.
300
Define semantic and relational cohesion. What are some examples of words commonly used for relational cohesion?
Semantic cohesion renames a word or phrase. It builds meaning of a certain idea. Relational cohesion uses linking words to show the relationship between two ideas. Commonly used words are "therefore," "thus," "on the other hand," "but," "consequently."
400
What is reading that is risk?
Reading that threatens ones already held beliefs, values, and ideas.
400
Define Parts 1, 2, and 3 of the citation package. Then, identify each part in the passage below: (1) In his essay, “On Reading a Video Text,” Robert Scholes argues that because popular culture is an important source of information and education, people need to know how to analyze and critique this information. (2) He writes: “In this age of massive manipulation and disinformation, criticism is the only way we have of taking something seriously” (375). (3) Scholes is suggesting that it’s only when we take the time to analyze the media and popular culture for their understanding messages that we will break the hold these forces has over the way we see our worlds.
Part 1 - Introduce: Give the full name of the author and the title of the text being quoted. (Sentence 1) Part 2 - Quote and Cite: Provide the actual quote with proper MLA citation. (Sentence 2) Part 3 - Understand: Demonstrate your understanding of the quote by putting it into your own words. (Sentence 3)
400
Give two criteria for a Critical Inquiry Question.
• They are not yes/no, either/or questions • They are genuine questions; we do not already know the answer; we truly wonder about them • They resist simple agreement or disagreement • They require analysis; they cannot be answered by simple facts • They are not too broad; they are questions that we can conceivably engage • They are not too narrow; they are questions that might have multiple interpretations • They point into the text for information, point to the reader for interpretation, and point outside the text to connect to issues in society. o One effective way to achieve this is to layer questions together. You might start with a question that points into the text and ask a question that requires interpretation. That question could prompt another about how the text relates to a larger issue. • For our purposes – they emerge out of engagement with ideas from our texts
400
Give two reasons the following are opinions: "My essay is really good." "Cereal is delicious."
Originate in assumption Based on habit, taste, and preference Resist further questioning Takes the form of judgment Assume common agreement One opinion is as valid as the next
400
What is ideological criticism? Explain implicit vs. explicit messages.
Ideological criticism uncovers the values and beliefs that a text suggests through their message. Explicit messages are directly and plainly stated, while implicit messages are not (instead, they are implied).
500
What happens when one attempts to read a text that is risk for them "with the grain"?
They must hold their beliefs and values in check and attempt to see the issues from the perspective of the author. This is difficult but important because one cannot as successfully question a viewpoint that they don't fully understand.
500
Define Part 4 of the Citation Package. Then, define the three rhetorical strategies that we have gone over for this part.
Part 4 - Use. In this part, you connect the source's ideas to your own and use their ideas in some way. You can extend their ideas, taking them one step further or applying them to new situations. Alternatively, you could counter their ideas, showing how they are limited or more complicated. Or, you could discuss the implications of their claims, answering the "So What?" question.
500
Revise the following two sentences to connect with lexical cohesion. “Art is an important element of culture. It contains anything from cheese to religion, but it’s definitely influenced by art also.”
Art is an important element of culture. Culture is anything from cheese to religion, but it's definitely influenced by art also.
500
Define claims, evidence, and warrants.
A claim is an arguable statement, evidence is specific facts that support a claim, and a warrant is the reasoning that ties evidence to a claim.
500
Define the rhetorical "I". Give one way in which you build this type of authority in your essays for this class.
The rhetorical "I" takes into account the audience and genre you are writing in. You wouldn't use the same language, format, or subject matter if you were writing a letter to your best friend vs. a cover letter for a job application. In this class, we adhere to academic standards of writing. This might mean refraining from using slang words, textspeak, or swear words (although you might if you were analyzing them as your subject matter).
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