The smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and take part in a chemical reaction
What is an atom?
100
The attraction between positive metal ions surrounded by a "sea" of electrons
What is metallic bonding?
100
Positively and negatively charged ions arranged in a 3D lattice formation
What is ionic bonding?
100
The sharing of electrons between to non-metals to form a discrete molecule
What is covalent bonding?
100
All the different forms of Carbon
What is an allotrope?
200
Contained in the nucleus, with a mass of 1 and a charge of +1
What is a proton?
200
Delocalised electrons are able to move and carry the charge to a terminal
How do metallic bonds conduct electricity?
200
Distortion of the lattice causes repulsion between similarly charged ions
Why are ionically bonded substances brittle?
200
Low Melting/Boiling Point, doesn't conduct electricity in any state and generally forms soft solids
What are the properties of a covalent bond?
200
Each Carbon is bonded to four other Carbons
What is the structure of Diamond?
300
Contained in the nucleus, with a relative mass of 1 and a charge of 0
What is a neutron?
300
Cations are constantly moving, heat is able to be passed on. Atoms/cations are tightly packed, therefore being able to conduct heat.
How do metallic bonds conduct heat?
300
Because, the ions are held in a fixed position and are unable to move and carry electrical charges
Why don't ionic substances conduct electricity?
300
The weak force of attraction between the molecules
What is the inter molecular force involved in a covalent bond?
300
Each Carbon is joined to three other Carbons to form hexagonal layers
What is the structure of Graphite?
400
Contained in the electron cloud, with a relative mass of -1/2000 and a charge of -1
What is an electron?
400
Because, the strong attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons require a large amount of energy to separate. The stronger the charge, the stronger the attraction.
Why do metallic bonds have a high melting and boiling point?
400
Hard and brittle, high melting and boiling point, conductivity of electricity in molten and aqueous state and doesn't conduct electricity in a solid state
What are the properties of an ionically bonded substance?
400
The strong covalent bond holding the atoms together inside the molecule itself
What is the intra molecular force involved in a covalent bond?
400
High melting and boiling point, non-conductor of electricity, hard and brittle, chemically inert and insoluble
What are the properties of a covalent network?
500
Contains the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
What is an isotope?
500
Because, metallic bonding is non-directional. Cations can move when force is applied. Delocalised electrons prevent repulsion between positive ions.
Why are metallic bonds malleable and ductile?
500
Because, ions are held in a fixed position and are unable to move and carry the charge
Why can't ionic bonds conduct electricity in a solid state?