Miscellaneous
Blood Vessels
Capillary Exchange
Resistance, and Total Blood Flow
Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure (an introduction)
100
Blood flow velocity is the rate of blood transported per unit time dependant on ____________.
What is total cross- sectional area of each vessel type. Capillaries have the largest area which means that they have the slowest flow rate, allowing time for gas exchange
100
The names of the three types of arteries and the general function of each
What is Elastic arteries (can stretch and recoil)- conduct blood from heart to smaller arteries, propels blood during diastole Muscular arteries- good at vasoconstriction and vasodilation Arterioles- regulate systemic blood pressure and blood flow
100
the amount of blood entering the capillaries per unit of time per gram of tissue
What is perfusion
100
With inspiration, where does the respiratory pump propel blood to
What is the thoracic cavity (it increases venous return which is the rate of blood flow back to the heart) Fun fact: The thoracic cavity increases in volume and decreases in pressure which is an example of Charles' law in chemistry
100
The major functions of both the cardiac center and the vasomotor centers, the two centers of the cardiovascular center, are ______ and ______, respectively.
What is Cardiac center: regulate heart activity and cardiac output Vasomotor center: controls degree of blood vessel vasoconstriction and resistance
200
specialized sensory nerve endings which respond to stretch in blood vessel walls
What are baroreceptors
200
Valves are composed of _____, _____, and ______. Their function is to______.
What is tunica intima, elastic fibers, collagen Prevent backflow (prevent pulling of blood in legs)
200
Label at least 2 vocabulary structure words for the capillary bed on power point slide 1 (you can't do precapillary sphincters :) )
What is smooth muscle cells, metateriole, thoroughfare channel, arteriole, postcapillary venule
200
What are the three factors that affect peripheral resistance?
What is lumen size, vessel length, and viscosity
200
What division of the ANS is the cardioacceleratory division and what does it do to heart rate and force of contraction?
What is sympathetic, increase
300
Systemic veins serve as blood reservoirs. At rest, what percent of blood is in the veins?
What is 55%
300
Name at least two structural differences between arteries and veins
What is Arteries have thick tunica media and narrower lumen have more elastic and collagen fibers can spring back to shape more resistant to changes in blood pressure Veins have thicker tunica externa and larger lumen less elastic and collagen fibers wall collapsed if no blood in it
300
the movement of large amounts of fluids and dissolved substances in one direction down a pressure gradient, dependent on net pressure of opposing forces
what is bulk flow
300
Is the viscosity of blood relatively lower or higher in people who are dehydrated?
What is relatively higher (more erythrocyte percentage, less plasma)= more resistance
300
How do B receptors in the vasomotor center affect vessel diameter?
What is vasodilate
400
Certain hormones and amino acids are transported by this method where a fluid filled vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane.
What is pinocytosis
400
The capillaries are only made up of a tunica intima which is composed of _______ and ________.
What is an endothelium and a basement membrane
400
The role of the lymphatic system
What is to filter fluid and return it to venous circulation (10-15%)
400
What is the equation for total blood flow?
Total blood flow= blood pressure/ resistance
400
What are two out of the three responses to activation of the vasomotor center
What is increased peripheral resistance (vessels vasoconstrict=higher blood pressure), larger circulating blood volume (blood shifted from venous reservoirs), redistribution of blood flow (more blood flow to skeletal and cardiac muscles).
500
The movement of fluid back into blood. Extra 50 pts...on what end does this occur (arterial/venous)
What is reabsorption (venous)
500
Give the materials that can easily cross for each of the three types of capillaries (continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoid) and give a location that each one is found in
What is Continuous- small molecules such as glucose and amino acids, found in skin, muscle, lungs, central nervous system Fenestrated- movement of smaller plasma proteins as well as small molecules (where there is fluid transport)- small intestine, ciliary process, endocrine glands
500
Give the equation of Net Filtration Pressure and then explain it to your classmates Extra 50 pts...is it higher on the arterial end or the venous end?
What is NFP= (HPb-HPif)-(COPb-COPif) Difference between net hydrostatic pressures and net colloid pressures. Hydrostatic pressure promotes filtration while colloid osmotic pressure promotes reabsorption. Higher on the arterial end (average 14mmHG while on the venous end it's an average of -5mmHG)
500
Why does blood pressure need to be somewhat high? What happens to the vessels if it is too high?
What is bp needs to be high enough to maintain tissue perfusion. If it is too high, it will break the blood vessels
500
Where are the nuclei that regulate autonomic control of the cardiovascular center (what brain structure?)
What is the medulla oblongata
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