What is the struggle over who gets what, when and how
100
Democracy
What is the opportunity to participate in government is widely shared, participation guides the government, and participation occurs under conditions of liberty and equality
100
Federalism
What is a system of govn’t in which power is divided btwn national and state govn’t by a constitution such that each is granted sovereign and independent powers
100
Civil Liberties
What is A contract outlined in the constitution that restricts and directs how the government should act.
100
Civil Rights
What is the Obligations to citizens of Federal government to protect people from illegal action, when right to equal treatment and equal protection has been violated.
200
Government
What is an organization that has an institutional structure, made up of individuals that seek to regulate citizen behavior through a monopoly over legal use of force
200
Social Contract Theory
What is the contract whereby individuals exchange liberty for government protection.
200
Full Faith and Credit Clause
What is that clause that states that all states must honor public acts and judicial decisions of other states.
200
Fundamental Freedoms Doctrine
What is the doctrine where the Supreme Court argues that the Freedom of speech is so fundamental to functioning of democracy that laws restricting free speech must meet strict scrutiny: the burden of proof is on the govn’t to show law is constitutional and that the law must achieve compelling govn’t interest.
200
Plessy v. Ferguson
What is the SC case declaring Louisiana law segregating rail cars constitutional. Separate but equal. Segregation is ok if it leads to equal outcomes.
300
State of nature
What is humans' hypothetical natural state without government
300
Articles of Confederation
What is America's constitution that served as the basis for America’s national government until 1789. Characterized by limited national government and strong independent states.
300
McCulloch vs. Maryland
What is the SC case in which it was decide that the supremacy clause favors the federal government over state govn't and the necessary and proper clause was used to justify the Fed govn'ts creation of a national bank.
300
Establishment Clause
What is the First amendment clause that says that Congress can’t establish a national religion
300
Brown v. Board
What is the 1954 Supreme Court decision that struck down separate but equal. Segregated schools violate the 14th amendment. Education is a political right, necessary for effective citizenship.
400
Public goods
What is a good that is non-divisible and non-excludable
400
3/5th Compromise
What is the compromised that stated that for purposes of congressional representation, every slave would be counted as 3/5ths of a person.
400
Cooperative Federalism
What is the type federalism existing in New Deal era in which grants were used to encourage states to pursue national goals.
400
Texas v Johnson
What is the SC case in which it is determined that flag burning is protected under 1st amendment.
400
Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964
What is the section that states that it is illegal to discriminate on bases of race, gender, ethnicity or religious affiliation (in areas of employment and education).
500
Free Riders Problem
What is When individuals enjoy the public good, but not the cost
500
Connecticut Compromise
What is the compromised that created a bi-cameral legislature (house and senate) by combining Virginia plan and New Jersey plan.
500
U.S. v Lopez
What is the SC case that declared that the link btwn gun control and interstate commerce is too elastic
500
Neutrality Test
What is the test that determines whether a law violates the free exercise clause (religious exercise vs custom?). If individual violates a general or neutral law then they can’t use religion as justification to violate law. The law has to be neutral, not leaning toward one religion or another.
500
Affirmative Action
What is practices that take into account race, ethnicity and gender is decision-making process in areas of education and employment in order to address socio-economic inequalities